<i>Campylobacter</i> Infections in Children

Rebecca, G

doi:10.1542/pir.2017-0285

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As shown here and by others 1,4,5,7 , Shigella is more common in older children and adults, whereas Campylobacter and Salmonella are more frequently found in younger children and infants. C. jejuni is the most frequently isolated Campylobacter species in cases of gastroenteritis, and it is the most common organism causing foodborne illnesses in the United States.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Nevertheless, some cases may lead to severe dehydration. Severe cases of protracted diarrhoea and infection in immunocompromised children and young infants may benefit from antibiotic treatment [4][5][6][7] . Our study did not show a shortened duration of hospitalization or diarrhoea among patients that received antibiotics, possibly due to a more severe course of disease among patients whose condition necessitated antibiotic therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned in previous reports, less than 5% of Campylobacter spp. are resistant to macrolides 5,7,8 . Nonetheless, in cases of serious infection, where there is no response to macrolide treatment, drug sensitivity studies should be performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, in cases of serious infection, where there is no response to macrolide treatment, drug sensitivity studies should be performed. Recent studies conducted in Asia and the United States reported increasing rates of Campylobacter resistance to macrolides as well as fluoroquinolones 7 . The sensitivity of Shigella and Salmonella isolates to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone, was not significant in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Sakran

Hexner-Erlichman

Spiegel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Gastroenteritis is common among children. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the main causative bacterial pathogens, together with Shigella, Salmonella and invasive Escherichia coli. campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic, usually self-limited disease that does not always require antibiotic treatment. In cases of protracted diarrhoea in healthy children or immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment is recommended, and the drug of choice is still macrolides, with very low resistance rates in Campylobacter species. However, it is crucial to isolate the causative organism, because some cases, such as Shigella encephalitis, call for initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment. In this study, we compared the incidence, epidemiology, clinical findings and laboratory results of gastroenteritis with dysentery caused by these organisms in children in our area. C. jejuni was found to be the leading pathogen in children hospitalized with bacterial gastroenteritis, followed by Shigella and Salmonella. Macrolides were the drug of choice for Campylobacter, and ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin were the best empiric treatments for Shigella and Salmonella, respectively. Acute bacterial gastroenteritis is a common disease in infants and children. The clinical presentation includes fever, diarrhoea, bloody stool, vomiting, dehydration and abdominal pain. Campylobacter species, Shigella, Salmonella and invasive Escherichia coli are the main bacterial organisms causing acute infection in the gastrointestinal tract 1. Campylobacter organisms are thin curved Gram-negative non-spore-forming rods. The Campylobacter group includes 26 species: the most frequent types that cause disease in humans are Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter fetus 2 , these are also the most common types in Israel 3. Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease, with wild birds, poultry and domestic pets as the main reservoirs. Outbreaks are often linked to contaminated water, unpasteurized milk products, consumption of under-cooked chicken, environmental exposure and contact with farm animals 4. It is difficult to differentiate acute gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter from gastroenteritis caused by Shigella or Salmonella based only on clinical signs or routine blood analysis; stool culture provides the definitive diagnosis of the causative organism. In cases of severe dehydration, toxic appearance, signs of sepsis and gastroenteritis caused by Shigella or Salmonella, initiation of empiric antibiotic treatment, such as third-generation cephalosporin, is required; in cases suspected of Shigella encephalitis, empiric treatment is also recommended. Third-generation cephalosporin has no effect against Campylobacter 4. Campylobacter is considered the causative organism in most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis in young children. It is usually a self-limited disease and does not always require antibiotic treatment. In cases of protracted diarrhoea in healthy children, or infection in immunocompromised patients, antibiotic treatment is recommended, and ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Sakran

Hexner-Erlichman

Spiegel

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…observed in the 16S rDNA profiles of the neonate samples collected after 72 h, especially in the pharynx, where the presence of mefA was most prominent. Macrolides are used as first line drugs in infants to treat infections such as trachoma, pertussis and Campylobacter enteritis (Tiwari et al, 2005 ; Amza et al, 2017 ; Same and Tamma, 2018 ). Accumulation of macrolide resistance determinants in the microbiome of newborns might therefore have clinical implications later in life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Bacterial Colonization and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Acquisition in Newborns

Klassert

Zubiría-Barrera

Kankel

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Several studies have recently identified the main factors contributing to the bacterial colonization of newborns and the dynamics of the infant microbiome development. However, most of these studies address large time periods of weeks or months after birth, thereby missing on important aspects of the early microbiome maturation, such as the acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants during postpartum hospitalization. The pioneer bacterial colonization and the extent of its associated antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) dissemination during this early phase of life are largely unknown. Studies addressing resistant bacteria or ARGs in neonates often focus only on the presence of particular bacteria or genes from a specific group of antibiotics. In the present study, we investigated the gut-, the oral-, and the skin-microbiota of neonates within the first 72 h after birth using 16S rDNA sequencing approaches. In addition, we screened the neonates and their mothers for the presence of 20 different ARGs by directed TaqMan qPCR assays. The taxonomic analysis of the newborn samples revealed an important shift of the microbiota during the first 72 h after birth, showing a clear site-specific colonization pattern in this very early time frame. Moreover, we report a substantial acquisition of ARGs during postpartum hospitalization, with a very high incidence of macrolide resistance determinants and mecA detection across different body sites of the newborns. This study highlights the importance of antibiotic resistance determinant dissemination in neonates during hospitalization, and the need to investigate the implication of the mothers and the hospital environment as potential sources of ARGs.

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Gastroenteritis Due to Campylobacter

Wilson

Wilson²

2021

Close Encounters of the Microbial Kind

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Campylobacter Infections in Children

Cited by 66 publications

References 57 publications

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Campylobacter gastroenteritis in children in north-eastern Israel comparison with other common pathogens

Early Bacterial Colonization and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Acquisition in Newborns

Gastroenteritis Due to Campylobacter

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