I can still see, hear and smell the fire: Cognitive, emotional and personal consequences of a natural disaster, and the impact of evacuation

Knez, Igor; Willander, Johan; Butler, Andrew; Sang, Åsa Ode; Herlin, Ingrid Sarlöv; Åkerskog, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101554

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, for hearing, interaural cues facilitate the localization of auditory signals [ 30 ]. Environmental noise is an essential factor for the perceived quality and comfort of places, and alarms and other auditory messages can alert and guide pedestrians in evacuations [ 31 ]. Differences between individuals, illness, injury or disability influence how pedestrians use their senses and thus what spatial information is available to them.…”

Section: Principles Of Pedestrian Route Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

The principles of pedestrian route choice

Tong

Bode

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Pedestrian route choice, the process by which individuals decide on their walking path between two locations, is a fundamental problem across disciplines. Because this behaviour is investigated from different conceptual and methodological angles, and because it strongly depends on the environmental context, it is challenging to establish a systematic framework for research. Here, by reviewing previous work, we identify four principles for pedestrian route choice that are relevant across disciplines. First, ‘information perception’ deals with how pedestrians can perceive information selectively and purposely, given the limited available information. Second, ‘information integration’ considers how pedestrians subjectively integrate environmental spatial information into mental representations. Third, ‘responding to information’ is concerned with how pedestrians tend to be attracted and repelled by specific attributes individually and how this can lead to positive or negative feedback loops across many individuals. Fourth ‘decision-making mechanisms' describe how pedestrians trade off the evidence provided by different attributes. How pedestrians perceive, integrate, respond to, and act upon information is not fixed but varies with the context. We give examples for each principle and explain how these principles shape pedestrian choice behaviours. We hope this contribution provides a systematic overview of the field and helps to spark inspiration among specialists.

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Section: Principles Of Pedestrian Route Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

The principles of pedestrian route choice

Tong

Bode

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…In line with the study showing that the public in cities that have been hit by SARS has an earlier, stronger, and more persistent awareness of Covid-19 (Chen et al, 2020), this study reconfirms the impact of spatial distance on memory from the side perspective. In this study, in the context of the outbreak of the pandemic in Shanghai, individuals currently in Shanghai have "personal experience" of the event, and their perception is more "real" and "intense, " "being there" rather than "hearing the news" (Knez et al, 2021). The event may "strike a chord" with people whose current location is not in Shanghai but who had experience in the epidemic area because of the similar experience they have had.…”

Section: Discussion Fbm Performances Across Different Levels Of Spati...mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Particularly, memory performances in disaster events differed depending on the degree of disaster involvement: victims and witnesses remembered more details than controls, and victims remembered central and peripheral details more accurately than other participants (Israel and Irena, 2010). People's mental state during a disaster also determines how they form flashbulb memories, as involvement in it or non-involvement in it affects their mental state when they recall it, e.g., those with first-hand experience in the fire mentally return to and re-experience the disaster more often and with more intense emotions than those with second-hand experience, which made their flashbulb memories more factual (Knez et al, 2021). Similarly, victims who experienced the Marmara earthquake directly reported higher levels of flashbulb memories than those who only heard it in the news, owing to the higher importance of the earthquake to victims (Er, 2003).…”

Section: Personal Involvement In Memory Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the retest phase, researchers compared the FBM answers of the same participants during two phases to check the consistency of each participant's flashbulb memory. As for the investigation of antecedent variables of FBM, researchers have examined from different perspectives according to the different features of events, such as different levels of consequentiality caused by the degree of participation in a natural disaster and the severity of the conditions (Neisser et al, 1996;Knez et al, 2021), various FBM performances related to the 9/11 attack event attribute to different nationalities and the regional disparity of America (Hirst et al, 2015;Dégeilh et al, 2021), and individuals' social identity in events which has specific (Curci et al, 2015;Raw et al, 2021).…”

Section: Personal Involvement In Memory Shapingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, in the context of an epidemic event, we take whether the individual was currently in the place where the outbreak occurred (currently in Shanghai in this experiment situation) and whether he had the experience ever being in an epidemic zone during the outbreak of the pandemic in the past as a measure of the individual's spatiotemporal involvement in the event. Given that those who had first-hand experience at the place and time of the event always had more factual memories (Knez et al, 2021), according to FBM's three properties as a special form of autobiographical memory, we hypothesize: H1: Spatiotemporal involvement is positively correlated with FBM properties (a) specificity (b) confidence (c) consistency. It is demonstrated that the underlying mechanisms for empathy and for autobiographical memories were related to a great extent from both psychological and physiological perspectives (Lo, 2021).…”

Section: Hypotheses Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the role of digital media dependency on the relationship between personal involvement and flashbulb memory during the pandemic: Empirical evidence from Mainland China

Wan

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Flashbulb memory (FBM) is viewed as a special type of autobiographical memory due to its richness of individuals’ self-related details when hearing the news and the long duration. It also helps shape people’s impression of public events to some extent. Given that personal involvement is one of the important antecedent variables of FBM, this study proposed to investigate it from spatiotemporal involvement (spatiotemporal distance) and empathic involvement (empathy level) to explore the impact of personal involvement on the formation of FBM during the Covid-19 pandemic. In particular, digital media dependency was considered in the influence of involvement on the FBM since it is a crucial information source for individuals and a path to spread information about their lives and work during the pandemic. In this study, a total of 546 valid questionnaires (from May 1, 2022, to May 7, 2022) and 349 valid questionnaires (from May 10, 2022, to May 17, 2022) were collected through a two-stage online survey in Shanghai, China towards the epidemic wave at the end of March 2022. The mediating mode of digital media dependency was also examined on personal involvement in FBM performance, which consists of FBM specificity, confidence, and consistency. Results showed that empathic involvement had a significant negative influence on FBM specificity, namely the higher the empathy level was, the worse the FBM specificity would be, in which digital media dependency played a suppressing effect. Individuals’ spatiotemporal involvement was proved to have a significant positive influence on FBM specificity and consistency. It was one of the first to investigate the FBM formation process around “small peak” events in the context of the ongoing pandemic. Innovatively, empathy was adopted as the index of memory arousal for empathic involvement, and digital media dependency was considered an important mediator variable in the memory study. The research results have practical significance for promoting the process of epidemic recovery integrated with digital media and can provide a social reference for the shaping process of disaster memory from the perspective of digital information and emotional transmission.

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