<i>Candida albicans</i>and<i>C. tropicalis</i>Isolates from the Expired Breathes of Captive Dolphins and Their Environments in an Aquarium

Takahashi, Hideo; Itano, Eiko Nakagawa; Yanagisawa, Makio; Murata, Yoshiteru; Murata, Michiko; Yaguchi, Takashi; Murakami, Masaru; Kamei, Katsuhiko; Inomata, Tomo; Miyahara, Hirokazu; Sano, Ayako; Uchida, Senzo

doi:10.4061/2010/349364

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The results found in this study are in clear contrast with those of previous reports that reveal alarmingly high rates of azole resistance among Candida strains of veterinary origin (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). Notably, 47.8% of our isolates were collected between 2008 and 2014, when the first reports of substantial prevalence of azole resistance among yeast isolates obtained from animals were being published.…”

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confidence: 56%

“…The results of some recent studies of yeast collections of animal origin suggest that azole resistance is also relatively common among isolates from diverse host species and that even healthy individuals can serve as a reservoir of resistant strains (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13). For example, Cordeiro et al (10) found resistance rates of Ͼ45% for fluconazole and itraconazole, and a 37.5% rate of cross-resistance to both compounds, in a Brazilian collection of 64 Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from several animal species.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, Cordeiro et al (10) found resistance rates of Ͼ45% for fluconazole and itraconazole, and a 37.5% rate of cross-resistance to both compounds, in a Brazilian collection of 64 Candida tropicalis isolates obtained from several animal species. Similarly, substantial resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole has been found among Candida isolates from healthy birds and manatees bred in captivity in Brazil (6,11,12) and from dolphins in a Japanese aquarium (13). Unfortunately, antifungal susceptibility data for animal yeast isolates from other geographic regions are still scarce.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Ascomycetous Yeasts Isolated from Animals

Álvarez‐Pérez

García

Peláez

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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dRecent studies suggest that antifungal resistance in yeast isolates of veterinary origin may be an underdiagnosed threat. We tested a collection of 92 ascomycetous yeast isolates that were obtained in Spain from birds, mammals and insects for antifungal susceptibility. MICs to amphotericin B and azoles were low, and no resistant isolates were detected. Despite these results, and given the potential role of animals as reservoirs of resistant strains, continuous monitoring of antifungal susceptibility in the veterinary setting is recommended.

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Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Ascomycetous Yeasts Isolated from Animals

Álvarez‐Pérez

García

Peláez

et al. 2016

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Concerning the detection of antifungal resistance in yeasts from aquatic mammals, only few studies have been carried out. Takahashi et al (2010), for example, detected resistance to itraconazole and fluconazole in Candida albicans and C. tropicalis from the respiratory tract of captive bottlenose dolphins, and Cordeiro et al (2014) found azole resistance in one C. tropicalis strain recovered from a dwarf sperm whale that stranded on the northeast coast of Brazil.…”

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Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among Candida spp. from Captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health

et al. 2016

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This work aimed at evaluating the antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence factors by Candida spp. isolated from sirenians in Brazil. The isolates (n = 105) were recovered from the natural cavities of Amazonian and West Indian manatees and were tested for the susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and fluconazole and for the production of phospholipases, proteases, and biofilm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for amphotericin B ranged from 0.03 to 1 µg/mL, and no resistant isolates were detected. Itraconazole and fluconazole MICs ranged from 0.03 to 16 µg/mL and from 0.125 to 64 µg/mL, respectively, and 35.2% (37/105) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of these azole drugs. Concerning the production of virulence factors, phospholipase activity was observed in 67.6% (71/105) of the isolates, while protease activity and biofilm production were detected in 50.5% (53/105) and 32.4% (34/105) of the isolates, respectively. Since the natural cavities of manatees are colonized by resistant and virulent strains of Candida spp., these animals can act as sources of resistance and virulence genes for the environment, conspecifics and other animal species, demonstrating the potential environmental impacts associated with their release back into their natural habitat.

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“…Some of these species are environmental contaminants, whereas others such as Candida albicans and other Candida spp. are part of the normal micro - (Buck et al 2006, Takahashi et al 2010. Additionally, a correlation between the occur rence of lobomycosis and the immune status of free-ranging dolphins was reported in bottlenose dolphins in Florida, USA (Murdoch et al 2008, Durden et al 2009, Reif et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatal bacterial septicemia in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus caused by Streptococcus iniae

Song¹,

Yue²,

Sun³

et al. 2017

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A captive 8 yr old male bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus succumbed to septicemia with multisystemic inflammation including suppurative enteritis, encephalitis, and pneumonia with chronic pancreatitis. A pure culture of beta-hemolytic, catalase-and oxidase-negative, Gram-positive cocci was isolated from the hilar lymph nodes and pancreas. The isolate was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as Streptococcus iniae. Histological examination of the digestive system revealed a mixed infection of both bacteria and fungus. Recognized as a pathogen in fish, dolphins, and humans, this is the first report of S. iniae in a dolphin in mainland China. As the number of managed animals in oceanariums is increasing, so is the frequency of contact with fish used as food for marine mammals and humans, highlighting the importance of education and appropriate personal protective protocols to minimize the risk of transmission. An understanding of marine mammal infectious disease organisms is essential to ensuring the health of marine mammals and humans coming into contact with such animals and their food. This study illustrates a systematic clinical, microbiological, and pathological investigation into a septicemic bottlenose dolphin infected with S. iniae. Our findings provide useful information for those involved in the diagnosis and control of infectious diseases in marine mammals and offer insight into an important zoonotic pathogen. KEY WORDS: Streptococcus iniae · Bottlenose dolphin · ZoonosisResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 122: 195-203, 2017 Prevention Microbiology Laboratory, the bacterium was first recognized to cause human infection in 1991 in North America (Centers for Disease Control 1996).S. iniae tends to cause different disease states depending on the type of host it infects. In dolphins, this bacterium was only associated with dermatitis and cellulitis and caused multifocal subcutaneous abscesses in 3 I. geoffrensis (Pier & Madin 1976, Pier et al. 1978, Bonar & Wagner 2003. In fish, infection with S. iniae generally results in meningitis and panophthalmitis, and consequently, high levels of morbidity and mortality (Bromage & Owens 2002). Humans tend to develop a septic cellulitis, with occasional endocarditis, meningitis, arthritis, sepsis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and toxic shock (Weinstein et al. 1997, Facklam et al. 2005. Sun et al.(2007) described a case report of an invasive S. iniae infection in a 51 yr old woman with diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis in Taiwan in 2007. In dolphins, few cases were associated with S. iniae infection (Bonar & Wagner 2003). However, S. iniae has not received much attention or been reported previously in mainland China. While there are vaccines available for fish and antibiotics that can successfully treat this bacterium, the risk of transmission is of significant concern for individuals handling fish or marine mammal carcasses, since an untreated infection could lead to permanent t...

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Candida albicansandC. tropicalisIsolates from the Expired Breathes of Captive Dolphins and Their Environments in an Aquarium

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Ascomycetous Yeasts Isolated from Animals

Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Ascomycetous Yeasts Isolated from Animals

Antifungal Resistance and Virulence Among Candida spp. from Captive Amazonian manatees and West Indian Manatees: Potential Impacts on Animal and Environmental Health

Fatal bacterial septicemia in a bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus caused by Streptococcus iniae

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