Candida auris Infection Leading to Nosocomial Transmission, Israel, 2017

Abstract

A patient transferred from South Africa to Israel acquired a Candida auris infection. Phylogenetic analysis showed resemblance of C. auris to isolates from South Africa but not Israel, suggesting travel-associated infection. C. auris infection occurred weeks later in another patient at the same hospital, suggesting prolonged environmental persistence.

Epidemiologic Shift in Candidemia Driven by Candida auris, South Africa, 2016–20171

“…We speculate that the epidemic in South Africa might be centered in this area because of a combination of complex and interdependent healthcare system and behavioral factors, including a highly concentrated and mobile patient population; a large number of referrals and admission of patients with clinically complex cases to hospitals in the region; indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents, including azoles and echinocandins; and suboptimal infection prevention and control practices. In addition, international travel to and from Gauteng Province might also play a role, as suggested by recent case reports and outbreaks in other continents caused by the South Africa clade of C. auris (5,(17)(18)(19)(20). In the United States, 90% of clinical cases of C. auris occurred in the New York metropolitan area, and most patients had lengthy hospitalizations in facilities that had capacity for highly skilled nursing and mechanical ventilation (21), suggesting that a large susceptible population of severely ill patients within a facility might provide a starting point for an outbreak that is then amplified by transmission.…”

Prevalence and Therapeutic Challenges of Fungal Drug Resistance: Role for Plants in Drug Discovery

“…The especially hardy and persistent fungal pathogen Candida auris was one of the newly emerging urgent threats highlighted by the CDC's 2019 report Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States [1]. Discovered in 2009, C. auris has been responsible for outbreaks in health-care facilities worldwide [2][3][4][5][6][7]. There was a 318% increase in the number of reported C. auris infections in 2018 compared to rates from 2015-2017 [1].…”

Candida auris: The Fungal Pathogen That Managed to Spread Around the World in a Decade

“…Ancak, kuarterner amonyum bileşiklerinin C. auris'e karşı aktivitesinin düşük olduğu in vitro çalışmalar ile gösterilmiştir [71] . Bu bileşiklerin ekipman dezenfeksiyonunda kullanıldığı merkezlerde C. auris salgınlarının kontrolünde güçlük yaşanmıştır [38,61,63] . Sodyum hipoklorit, perasetik asit, hidrojen peroksit, klorheksidin ve polividin iyodin etkin olmakla birlikte C. auris'i tamamen eradike edememiştir [8,[70][71][72] .…”

“…Avrupa'da "European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)" 23 Nisan 2018 tarihine kadar 620 olgu bildirmiş, ABD'de sayı 29 Ekim 2019 tarihinde 836'ya yükselmiştir [13,14] . Önceki yıllarda Orta Doğu ülkelerinden yapılan bildirimlerin yanı sıra, 2019 yılında Yunanistan'da ilk olgunun tespit edilmesi, ülkemizin yayılım açısından riskli bir konumda bulunduğunu düşündürmektedir [6,[36][37][38][39][40] . Ayrıca, Ocak 2018'de Avusturya'da saptanan C. auris olgusu ülkemiz açısından dikkat çekicidir [23] .…”

“…Ancak, birbirine uzak ülkelerde benzer kladların ortaya çıktığı da gözlenmiştir [10,22,30,40,44] . Bu durumda uluslararası seyahatlerin ve hasta transferlerinin rol oynayabileceği yorumu yapılmıştır [12,33,38,[44][45][46][47] . TANIMLAMA C. auris suşlarının fenotipik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri, diğer türlerden ayrımlarında yeterli olamamaktadır [13,20] .…”