<i>Candida</i>Biofilms and the Host: Models and New Concepts for Eradication

Tournu, Hélène; Dijck, Patrick Van

doi:10.1155/2012/845352

Cited by 81 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 170 publications

(173 reference statements)

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“…The azole fluconazole is the most commonly used antifungal agent for the prevention and treatment of OC (22,54). Therefore, to further affirm the significant clinical implications of OC, a group of animals were administered daily fluconazole treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, the majority of C. albicans infections are associated with its ability to form biofilms where adhesion of yeast cells to the substrate is followed by proliferation and hypha formation resulting in a network of cells embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix (21)(22)(23). In the oral cavity, C. albicans coexists and forms tight associations with various commensal bacterial species forming complex mucosal biofilms, a phenomenon known to play an important factor in C. albicans colonization (2,5,10,11,(24)(25)(26).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical Implications of Oral Candidiasis: Host Tissue Damage and Disseminated Bacterial Disease

et al. 2015

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fThe clinical significance of polymicrobial interactions, particularly those between commensal species with high pathogenic potential, remains largely understudied. Although the dimorphic fungal species Candida albicans and the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus are common cocolonizers of humans, they are considered leading opportunistic pathogens. Oral candidiasis specifically, characterized by hyphal invasion of oral mucosal tissue, is the most common opportunistic infection in HIV ؉ and immunocompromised individuals. In this study, building on our previous findings, a mouse model was developed to investigate whether the onset of oral candidiasis predisposes the host to secondary staphylococcal infection. The findings demonstrated that in mice with oral candidiasis, subsequent exposure to S. aureus resulted in systemic bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality. Histopathology and scanning electron microscopy of tongue tissue from moribund animals revealed massive C. albicans hyphal invasion coupled with S. aureus deep tissue infiltration. The crucial role of hyphae in the process was demonstrated using a non-hypha-producing and a noninvasive hypha-producing mutant strains of C. albicans. Further, in contrast to previous findings, S. aureus dissemination was aided but not contingent upon the presence of the Als3p hypha-specific adhesion. Importantly, impeding development of mucosal C. albicans infection by administering antifungal fluconazole therapy protected the animals from systemic bacterial disease. The combined findings from this study demonstrate that oral candidiasis may constitute a risk factor for disseminated bacterial disease warranting awareness in terms of therapeutic management of immunocompromised individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical Implications of Oral Candidiasis: Host Tissue Damage and Disseminated Bacterial Disease

et al. 2015

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“…The large panel of clinically relevant models available to study systemic and mucosal candidiasis highlights the diversity of niches in which this fungus can cause disease (4,6). The rodent is ideal for studying C. albicans pathogenesis due to the demonstrated similarity to the human disease process and host immune responses.…”

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Candida albicans Pathogenesis: Fitting within the Host-Microbe Damage Response Framework

et al. 2016

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f Historically, the nature and extent of host damage by a microbe were considered highly dependent on virulence attributes of the microbe. However, it has become clear that disease is a complex outcome which can arise because of pathogen-mediated damage, host-mediated damage, or both, with active participation from the host microbiota. This awareness led to the formulation of the damage response framework (DRF), a revolutionary concept that defined microbial virulence as a function of host immunity. The DRF outlines six classifications of host damage outcomes based on the microbe and the strength of the immune response. In this review, we revisit this concept from the perspective of Candida albicans, a microbial pathogen uniquely adapted to its human host. This fungus commonly colonizes various anatomical sites without causing notable damage. However, depending on environmental conditions, a diverse array of diseases may occur, ranging from mucosal to invasive systemic infections resulting in microbe-mediated and/or host-mediated damage. Remarkably, C. albicans infections can fit into all six DRF classifications, depending on the anatomical site and associated host immune response. Here, we highlight some of these diverse and site-specific diseases and how they fit the DRF classifications, and we describe the animal models available to uncover pathogenic mechanisms and related host immune responses.

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“…De nombreuses études in vitro et in vivo ont été publiées sur la technique des verrous antibiotiques, mais les données de la littérature concernant l'efficacité des verrous antifongiques sont moins nombreuses [25]. L'équipe de Ko [26] et celle d'Oncu [27] ont réalisé des études in vitro sur des modèles de cathéters infectés.…”

Section: Verrous Fongiques : Modèles Et Efficacitéunclassified