‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, New Phytoplasma Species Infecting Apple Trees in Iran

Hashemi-Tameh, Mahdis; Bahar, Masoud; Zirak, Leila

doi:10.1111/jph.12216

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The symptoms included defoliation, yellowing of leaves, enlarged stipules proliferation, small fruits, several small shoots, and decline. Phytoplasma strains that are associated with AP belong to the 16SrI and 16SrII groups in Iran [ 93 ], 16SrX-A in Turkey [ 94 ], and 16SrIX-C in Lebanon [ 95 ]. In addition, an association between 16SrIX-C and a wild apple Malus sylvestris exhibiting virescence symptoms has been reported in Lebanon, which suggests that wild apple can work as a reservoir of AP and facilitates its spread [ 95 ].…”

Section: Phytoplasmas Associated With Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Hemmati

Nikooei

Al-Subhi

et al. 2021

Biology

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Phytoplasmas that are associated with fruit crops, vegetables, cereal and oilseed crops, trees, ornamental, and weeds are increasing at an alarming rate in the Middle East. Up to now, fourteen 16Sr groups of phytoplasma have been identified in association with more than 164 plant species in this region. Peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma strains (16SrII) are the prevalent group, especially in the south of Iran and Gulf states, and have been found to be associated with 81 host plant species. In addition, phytoplasmas belonging to the 16SrVI, 16SrIX, and 16SrXII groups have been frequently reported from a wide range of crops. On the other hand, phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrIV, 16SrV, 16SrX, 16SrXI, 16SrXIV, and 16SrXXIX groups have limited geographical distribution and host range. Twenty-two insect vectors have been reported as putative phytoplasma vectors in the Middle East, of which Orosius albicinctus can transmit diverse phytoplasma strains. Almond witches’ broom, tomato big bud, lime witches’ broom, and alfalfa witches’ broom are known as the most destructive diseases. The review summarizes phytoplasma diseases in the Middle East, with specific emphasis on the occurrence, host range, and transmission of the most common phytoplasma groups.

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Section: Phytoplasmas Associated With Fruit Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Hemmati

Nikooei

Al-Subhi

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Pear Pyrus communisdecline is an important disease on pear trees described in Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Chile and also Taiwan [39][40][41][42]. Pear decline (PD) is a devastating disease of pear (Pyrus communis L.) caused by 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri', which assigned to the subgroup 16SrX-C of the apple proliferation (AP) group of phytoplasmas first time reported in Canada [42].…”

Section: Pearmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoplasma Diseases of Trees: A Comprehensive Review

Mall,

Gaur,

Marcone

2023

Preprint

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Trees, often referred to as the "lungs of the Earth," hold immense significance for both the natural world and human society. Their contributions span a multitude of ecological, environmental, economic, and social domains, making them essential components of a healthy and thriving planet. Phytoplasma association not only compromise tree aesthetics but also reduce photosynthetic capacity and overall vigour. Phytoplasma diseases also lead to increased tree mortality, altering ecosystem dynamics.This review article provides an in-depth exploration of phytoplasma diseases affecting trees worldwide, encompassing their epidemiology, symptomatology, impact and management strategies.

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“…P. asteris’ or ‘ Ca . P. solani’; Italian reports refer to few infected individualsHashemi‐Tameh et al., (4 infected Malus plants); Ghayeb Zamharir et al., (4 Vitis plants); Reeder et al., (only one report from UK, 4 plants detected by nested PCR (polymerase chain reaction) out of 4 tested ones); [PHYP01]: in Tomato in Greece following EPPO (Alivizatos, ; only EM), but Vellios and Lioliopoulou, identified only 16SrI and XII in tomato in Greece. No record of its presence in Portugal .…”

Section: Appendix a – Non‐eu Phytoplasmas Of Cydonia Fragaria Malus P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No record of its presence in Portugal. (2) Absence of PHYPAA distribution map Species description: (White et al, 1998;Liu et al, 2011;IRPCM, 2004) Malus: (Hashemi-Tameh et al, 2014); Prunus: (Zirak et al, 2009(Zirak et al, , 2010a; Vitis: (Constable et al, 2003;Ghayeb Zamharir et al, 2017); Pyrus: (Schneider and Gibb, 1997;Liu et al, 2011); Fallopia japonica in UK (Reeder et al, 2010a); Solanum tuberosum in Italy (Paltrinieri and Bertaccini, 2007); Empoasca decipiens in Italy (Parrella et al, 2008); Calendula arvensis, Solanum nigrum, and Chenopodium spp. In Italy (Tolu et al, 2006); Matthiola incana in Italy (Davino et al, 2007) 2 Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense (2) ; UK (2) Russia (Present, restricted distribution; Belarus (Present, no details)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

List of non‐EU phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L.

Bragard¹,

Dehnen‐Schmutz²,

Gonthier³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health prepared a list of non‐EU phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L. A systematic literature review and search of databases identified 27 phytoplasmas infecting one or more of the host genera under consideration. These phytoplasmas were assigned to three categories. The first group (a) consists of 10 non‐EU phytoplasmas, known to occur only outside the EU (‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’, ‘Ca. P. hispanicum’, ‘Ca. P. pruni’‐related strain (NAGYIII), ‘Ca. P. pyri’‐related strain (PYLR) and Buckland valley grapevine yellows phytoplasma) or having only limited presence in the EU (‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’‐related strains, ‘Ca. P. fraxini’, ‘Ca. P. phoenicium’, ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ and ‘Ca. P. ziziphi’). The second group (b) consists of three non‐EU phytoplasmas, whose presence in the target plant species is not fully supported by the available literature. The third group (c) consists of 14 phytoplasmas with substantial presence in the EU (i.e. they are originally described or reported from the EU or known to occur or be widespread in some EU Member States or frequently reported in the EU). Phytoplasmas of categories (b) and (c) were excluded at this stage from further categorisation efforts. One phytoplasma from category (a) (‘Ca. P. phoenicium’) was excluded from further categorisation, as a pest risk assessment has been performed by EPPO. Comments provided by the EU Member States were integrated in the opinion. The main uncertainties of this listing concern: the geographic distribution and prevalence, the taxonomy, biology and host range. The phytoplasmas considered as non‐EU and whose presence in target plant species is fully supported by literature (category (a)) are categorised by the Panel in a separate opinion.

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‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’, New Phytoplasma Species Infecting Apple Trees in Iran

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

History and Current Status of Phytoplasma Diseases in the Middle East

Phytoplasma Diseases of Trees: A Comprehensive Review

List of non‐EU phytoplasmas of Cydonia Mill., Fragaria L., Malus Mill., Prunus L., Pyrus L., Ribes L., Rubus L. and Vitis L.

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