<i>CcPmk1</i> is a regulator of pathogenicity in <i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i> and can be used as a potential target for disease control

Xiong, Dan; Yu, Lu; Shan, Huimin; Tian, Chengming

doi:10.1111/mpp.13059

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Functional annotation of these 12 proteins (except CcPmk1) revealed that 8 out of the 12 were annotated as hypothetical proteins ( Table 1 ). Remarkably, GME3434_g and GME3439_g, annotated as oxidereductase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, respectively, were predicted to be translated from genes related to secondary metabolism in our previous study, and these genes are also transcriptionally regulated by CcPmk1 ( 26 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…For example, deletion of the Pmk1 ortholog in F. graminearum and Fusarium verticillioides significantly reduced the production of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin, which are important for fungal pathogenicity ( 23 , 24 ). In C. chrysosperma , CcPmk1 can also regulate the expression of genes suggested to be involved in secondary metabolism, as shown by transcriptional analysis ( 26 ). Here, we were surprised to find that CcPmk1 could affect the phosphorylation of GME3434_g and GME3439_g, which are related to secondary metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar results have also been found in Aspergillus species ( 25 ). Our previous studies showed that CcPmk1 modulates the expression of gene clusters predicted to be involved in secondary metabolism ( 26 ). Interestingly, Pmk1 orthologs are also found in nonpathogenic fungi and may be responsible for primary metabolism, such as carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis ( 25 , 27 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the molecular pathogenesis of C. chrysosperma remains unknown. Our previous works identified a pathogenicity-related MAPK, CcPmk1 , which acts as a core component to regulate fungal virulence and development by affecting the expression of downstream genes, including transcription factor genes, effector-encoding genes, kinase genes, and so on ( 18 , 26 ). For example, the Gti1/PacII transcription factor CcSge1 and the putative effector CcCAP1 , both of which are required for fungal virulence, are transcriptionally regulated by CcPmk1 ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers the Roles of CcPmk1 in the Pathogenicity of Cytospora chrysosperma

Yang

Xiong

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers the Roles of CcPmk1 in the Pathogenicity of Cytospora chrysosperma

Yang

Xiong

et al. 2022

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Currently, studies about C. chrysosperma are focused on the taxonomy, genetic diversity, histopathology, and gene function survey [3,4,6,7], while the molecular mechanism studies were few reported. For example, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (CcPmk1) and oxalic acid metabolism were required for the growth and virulence of C. chrysosperma [5,8,9]. The virulence effector CcCAP1, a member of the CAP superfamily (cysteine-rich secretory protein, antigen 5, and pathogenesis-related 1), from C. chrysosperma mainly localized to plant nucleus to suppress plants immune responses [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Putative Effector CcSp84 of Cytospora chrysosperma Localizes to the Plant Nucleus to Trigger Plant Immunity

Xiong

Han

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cytospora chrysosperma is the main causal agent of poplar canker disease in China, especially in some areas with poor site conditions. Pathogens secrete a large number of effectors to interfere the plant immunity and promote their infection and colonization. Nevertheless, the roles of effectors in C. chrysosperma remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified and functionally characterized a candidate effector CcSp84 from C. chrysosperma, which contained a nuclear localization signal motif at the C-terminal and was highly induced during infection stages. Transient expression of CcSp84 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves could trigger cell death. Additionally, deletion of CcSp84 significantly reduced fungal virulence to the polar twigs, while no obvious defects were observed in fungal growth and sensitivity to H2O2. Confocal microscopy revealed that CcSp84 labeled with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) was mainly accumulated in the plant nucleus. Further analysis revealed that the plant nucleus localization of CcSp84 was necessary to trigger plant immune responses, including ROS accumulation, callose deposition, and induced expression of jasmonic acid and ethylene defense-related genes. Collectively, our results suggest that CcSp84 is a virulence-related effector, and plant nucleus localization is required for its functions.

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The mitogen-activated protein kinase module CcSte11-CcSte7-CcPmk1 regulates pathogenicity via the transcription factor CcSte12 in Cytospora chrysosperma

Yu,

Yang,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Stress Biology

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The pathogen Cytospora chrysosperma is the causal agent of poplar canker disease and causes considerable economic losses in China. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in mediating cellular responses and Pmk1-MAPKs are indispensable for pathogenic related processes in plant pathogenic fungi. In previous studies, we demonstrated that the CcPmk1 acts as a core regulator of fungal pathogenicity by modulating a small number of master downstream targets, such as CcSte12. In this study, we identified and characterized two upstream components of CcPmk1: MAPKKK CcSte11 and MAPKK CcSte7. Deletion of CcSte11 and CcSte7, resulted in slowed growth, loss of sporulation and virulence, similar to the defects observed in the CcPmk1 deletion mutant. In addition, CcSte11, CcSte7 and CcPmk1 interact with each other, and the upstream adaptor protein CcSte50 interact with CcSte11 and CcSte7. Moreover, we explored the global regulation network of CcSte12 by transcriptional analysis between CcSte12 deletion mutants and wild-type during the simulated infection process. Two hydrolase activity GO terms (GO:0004553 and GO:0016798) and starch and sucrose metabolism (mgr00500) KEGG pathway were significantly enriched in the down-regulated genes of CcSte12 deletion mutants. In addition, a subset of glycosyl hydrolase genes and putative effector genes were significantly down-regulated in the CcSte12 deletion mutant, which might be important for fungal pathogenicity. Especially, CcSte12 bound to the CcSp84 promoter region containing the TGAAACA motif. Moreover, comparison of CcSte12-regulated genes with CcPmk1-regulated genes revealed 116 overlapping regulated genes in both CcSte12 and CcPmk1, including some virulence-associated genes. Taken together, the protein complexes CcSte11-CcSte7-CcPmk1 receive signals transmitted by upstream CcSte50 and transmit signals to downstream CcSte12, which regulates hydrolase, effectors and other genes to promote virulence. Overall, these results indicate that the CcPmk1-MAPK signaling pathway of C. chrysosperma plays a key role in the pathogenicity.

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CcPmk1 is a regulator of pathogenicity in Cytospora chrysosperma and can be used as a potential target for disease control

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 13 publications

References 70 publications

Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers the Roles of CcPmk1 in the Pathogenicity of Cytospora chrysosperma

Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers the Roles of CcPmk1 in the Pathogenicity of Cytospora chrysosperma

A Putative Effector CcSp84 of Cytospora chrysosperma Localizes to the Plant Nucleus to Trigger Plant Immunity

The mitogen-activated protein kinase module CcSte11-CcSte7-CcPmk1 regulates pathogenicity via the transcription factor CcSte12 in Cytospora chrysosperma

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