<i>CE: Continuing Education Article</i>  PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PART 1: APPLICATION OF INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES TO THE RENAL CARE ENVIRONMENT

Pugh-Clarke, Karen; Donlon, Sheila; McCann, Margaret

doi:10.1111/j.1755-6686.2010.00203.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The primary means to prevent transmission of micro‐organisms in all healthcare settings is the implementation of Standard Precautions as outlined in the first article of this series of CE articles on Preventing Infection in CKD (Pugh‐Clarke et al 2010). Additional precautions (transmission‐based precautions; contact, droplet and airborne) are recommended for specific infections.…”

Section: Vrementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Redmond¹,

Donlon

Boyle

et al. 2011

Journal of Renal Care

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Section: Vrementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Redmond¹,

Donlon

Boyle

et al. 2011

Journal of Renal Care

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“…Owing to the circumstances of the occurence of carbamylation in vivo , one could hypothesize that carbamylation is a deleterious process preferentially involved in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atherosclerosis. CKD independently increases the risk of all types of cardiovascular events [3,4] and induces several other complications consequent to fibrosis [5], insulin resistance [6], erythropoietin resistance [7] and increased suscptibility to infections [8]. The pathogenesis of these complications is complex and still incompletely understood [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Increase of Urea Leads to Carbamylated Proteins Accumulation in Tissues in a Mouse Model of CKD

et al. 2013

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Carbamylation is a general process involved in protein molecular ageing due to the nonenzymatic binding of isocyanic acid, mainly generated by urea dissociation, to free amino groups. In vitro experiments and clinical studies have suggested the potential involvement of carbamylated proteins (CPs) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) complications like atherosclerosis, but their metabolic fate in vivo is still unknown. To address this issue, we evaluated protein carbamylation in the plasma and tissues of control and 75% nephrectomised C57BL/6J mice by LC-MS/MS assay of homocitrulline, the major carbamylation-derived product (CDP). A basal level of carbamylation was evidenced under all conditions, showing that carbamylation is a physiological process of protein modification in vivo. CP plasma concentrations increased in nephrectomized vs. control mice over the 20 weeks of the experiment (e.g. 335±43 vs. 167±19 μmol homocitrulline/mol lysine (p<0.001) 20 weeks after nephrectomy). Simultaneously, CP content increased roughly by two-fold in all tissues throughout the experiment. The progressive accumulation of CPs was specifically noted in long-lived extracellular matrix proteins, especially collagen (e.g. 1264±123 vs. 726±99 μmol homocitrulline/mol lysine (p<0.01) in the skin of nephrectomized vs. control mice after 20 weeks of evolution). These results show that chronic increase of urea, as seen in CKD, increases the carbamylation rate of plasma and tissue proteins. These results may be considered in the perspective of the deleterious effects of CPs demonstrated in vitro and of the correlation evidenced recently between plasma CPs and cardiovascular risk or mortality in CKD patients.

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“… 2 However, like all HAI, those happening in hemodialysis patients can be prevented with the implementation of infection control protocols. 3 …”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections among patients from a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil

Albuquerque

Cavalcante

Ponce

et al. 2014

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Patients submitted to hemodialysis are at a high risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Presently there are scarce data to allow benchmarking of HAI rates in developing countries. Also, most studies focus only on bloodstream infections (BSI) or local access infections (LAI). Our study aimed to provide a wide overview of HAI epidemiology in a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil. We present data from prospective surveillance carried out from March 2010 through May 2012. Rates were compared (mid-p exact test) and temporally analyzed in Shewhart control charts for Poisson distributions. The overall incidence of BSI was 1.12 per 1000 access-days. The rate was higher for patients performing dialysis through central venous catheters (CVC), either temporary (RR=13.35, 95% CI=6.68-26.95) or permanent (RR=2.10, 95% CI=1.09-4.13), as compared to those with arteriovenous fistula. Control charts identified a BSI outbreak caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in April 2010. LAI incidence was 3.80 per 1000 access-days. Incidence rates for other HAI (per 1000 patients-day) were as follows: upper respiratory infections, 1.72; pneumonia, 1.35; urinary tract infections, 1.25; skin/soft tissues infections, 0.93. The data point out to the usefulness of applying methods commonly used in hospital-based surveillance for hemodialysis units.

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CE: Continuing Education Article  PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PART 1: APPLICATION OF INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES TO THE RENAL CARE ENVIRONMENT

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Chronic Increase of Urea Leads to Carbamylated Proteins Accumulation in Tissues in a Mouse Model of CKD

Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections among patients from a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil

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CE: Continuing Education Article PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PART 1: APPLICATION OF INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES TO THE RENAL CARE ENVIRONMENT

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Prevention of Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Part Ii: Healthcare‐associated Infections

Chronic Increase of Urea Leads to Carbamylated Proteins Accumulation in Tissues in a Mouse Model of CKD

Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections among patients from a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil

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CE: Continuing Education Article  PREVENTION OF INFECTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PART 1: APPLICATION OF INFECTION CONTROL PRINCIPLES TO THE RENAL CARE ENVIRONMENT