CERAMIUM INKYUII SP. NOV. (CERAMIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA) FROM KOREA: A NEW SPECIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE¹

Abstract

Ceramium inkyuii sp. nov. is newly described based on samples collected from the east coast of Korea and compared with similar species such as C. paniculatum and C. tenerrimum. The new species is characterized by pseudo‐dichotomously branched thalli with a twist in the upper part, a single row of spines on the abaxial side, strongly inrolled apices, and the presence of gland cells. In contrast, C. paniculatum has alternate branches and lacks gland cells, and C. tenerrimum is spineless and also lacks gland cells. Ceramium inkyuii was observed to be an annual species producing tetrasporangia in the spring to summer and cystocarps in the fall. Plastid‐encoded rbcL and nuclear small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences were determined in four samples of C. inkyuii from different locations and six samples of four putative relatives. All four C. inkyuii replicates from three different locations had identical sequences of each gene, and the interspecific sequence divergences were enough to warrant its natural entity. The phylogenies of the rbcL and SSU rDNA sequences also indicate the monophyly of C. inkyuii. The spinous C. inkyuii was more closely related to the spineless C. tenerrimum than to the spinous C. paniculatum.

Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of Ceramium cimbricum (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans supports the naming of a new invasive Pacific entity Ceramium sungminbooi sp. nov.

“…Compared to other Ceramium species from the same phylogenetic clade (Figure 1), C. sungminbooi is recognized by the following characteristics: thalli with pseudo-dichotomous branches, apices that are slightly incurved, 4-5 pericentral cells, three cortical cells per node, emergent tetrasporangia that arise adaxially or whorled, and female gametophytes that are occasionally mixed-phase with tetrasporangia. Discrimination of Ceramium species using rbcL sequences has been demonstrated by previous studies (Cho et al 2003a,b, Barros-Barreto et al 2006, Cho et al 2008, Yang et al 2009, Wolf et al 2011, Won and Cho 2011. In this study rbcL sequences from Korea, Oregon, California, Norway, and Denmark were found to be identical, but highly diverged from the lectotype specimen of C. cimbricum, as well as from other previously published sequences of Ceramium.…”

“…The genus is widespread, distributed from tropical to boreal coasts around the world (Cho et al 2003a). Ceramium is characterized by erect and terete filamentous thalli with complete or incomplete cortication, rounded cortical cells, and irregularly shaped periaxial cells (Kylin 1956).…”

Neosiphonia ramirezii sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Peru

“…The rbcL gene was amplified using the primer combinations F7-R753 and F645-Rrbcst, as listed in Lin et al (2001), and was sequenced with the primers F7, F645, F993, R376, R753, R1150, and RrbcStart (Freshwater and Rueness 1994, Lin et al 2001, Gavio and Fredericq 2002. PCR and sequencing protocols were as described in Cho et al (2003). Sequences were determined for both forward and reverse strands using an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).…”

Antithamnion nipponicum(Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta), incorrectly known asA. pectinatumin western Europe, is a recent introduction along the North Carolina and Pacific coasts of North America

“…Sequencing primers used were: F7, F645, F993, R367, R753, R1150, RrbcS start (Freshwater & Rueness, 1994;Lin et al, 2001;Gavio & Fredericq, 2002). Amplification conditions followed Cho et al (2003). Sequences were determined for both forward and reverse strands using an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer (PE Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) with the ABI Prism BigDye TM Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit (PE Applied Biosystems).…”