CharcotianaandAmundsenia, two new genera inTeloschistaceae(lichenized Ascomycota, subfamilyXanthorioideae) hosting two new species from continental Antarctica, andAustroplaca frigida, a new name for a continental Antarctic species

Abstract

Based on a combined three locus analysis two new genera, Charcotiana and Amundsenia, are proposed in the lichen family Teloschistaceae, subfamily Xanthorioideae. Charcotiana includes the new species C. antarctica, which is known only from continental Antarctica. The bipolar genus Amundsenia includes the new species A. austrocontinentalis, which is also known only from continental Antarctica, and the Arctic species Caloplaca approximata which is here combined into the new genus. The two new genera are phylogenetically distinct, but poor in morphological characters; the new species consist mainly of minute apothecia in cracks of rocks located in the climatically harshest regions of the Antarctic. They are somewhat similar to another continental Antarctic species, Austroplaca frigida, which is described as a new name based on the illegitimate name Caloplaca frigida Søchting. The distribution of the four species is mapped

Shackletonia cryodesertorum (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycota), a new species from the McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica) with notes on the biogeography of the genus Shackletonia

“…In general, the phylogenetic relationships within Xanthorioideae recovered in all analyses agree with previous findings from Arup et al (2013) and Søchting et al (2014b). Minor differences in among-genera relationships regarding Arup et al (2013), such as the supported sister relationship of Xanthocarpia and Austroplaca in the nrITS BEAST analyses, could be derived from the use of a slightly different taxa sampling or treatment of gappy regions.…”

“…Shackletonia, phylogenetically located at the base of subfamily Xanthorioideae (Arup et al 2013;Søchting et al 2014b), is distinguished from other Xanthorioideae groups by its unique chemistry, producing 5-and 7-chloroemodin and their derivatives (Søchting et al 2004). The new species S. cryodesertorum is well distinguished from the other species in the genus by its ecology and morphoanatomical features.…”

“…We produced two datasets: 1) Dataset A included an extensive sampling of nrITS sequences from species from most genera of subfamily Xanthorioideae (Arup et al 2013;Søchting et al 2014b) and, 2) Dataset B corresponded to a reduced three-marker alignment (nrITS, nuLSU and mtSSU) including only those members of Xanthorioideae with at least two available markers. Leproplaca xantholyta was selected as an outgroup following Arup et al (2013).…”

“…4). However, uncertain sister relationships of some taxa within Xanthorioideae, such as Charcotiana, have not yet been solved (Søchting et al 2014b). On the other hand, the monophyly of the genus Shackletonia and the among-species relationships were unequivocally supported by both nrITS (Fig.…”

Three New Monotypic Genera of the Caloplacoid Lichens (Teloschistaceae, Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes)

“…A large number of new genera, based on molecular phylogeny investigations, have been proposed [ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ]. The number of genera in the Teloschistaceae increased from 10 in Kärnefelt [ 8 ] to 29 [ 1 ] and to presently 67 [ 5 6 7 9 10 ]. The family is divided in three, Caloplacoideae Teloschistoideae, and Xanthorioideae [ 3 11 ] or four subfamilies [ 12 ].…”