<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>: crossing the barriers?

Blasi, Francesco; Centanni, Stefano; Allegra, L.

doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00001004

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have confirmed that Chlamydia has the ability to survive, and even thrive, in alveolar macrophages [45,46]. It has been previously reported that Cp induces foam cell formation by human monocytederived macrophages [47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Occurrence ofChlamydia trachomatisandChlamydia pneumoniaein paediatric respiratory infections

Webley¹,

Tilahun²,

Lay³

et al. 2008

Eur Respir J

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An emerging body of evidence suggests that half of asthma in both children and adults is associated with chronic lung infection. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and C. trachomatis (Ct) in the respiratory tracts of paediatric patients with chronic respiratory diseases.Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from 182 children undergoing bronchoscopy for clinical reasons were assayed using PCR analysis, in vitro tissue culture and immunofluorescence staining for the presence of Cp and Ct.Chlamydia-specific DNA was detected by PCR in 124 (68%) out of 182 patients; 79 were positive for Cp, 77 positive for Ct and 32 for both organisms; 75 patients had cultivable Chlamydia. Ct DNA prevalence decreased, whereas Cp positivity generally increased with age. A total of 59 out of 128 asthma patients and 16 out of 54 nonasthmatics were Chlamydia culture positive. When the patients were divided into inflammatory versus noninflammatory airway disease, there were 69 (46%) out of 150 and six (18%) out of 32 BALF samples with cultivable Chlamydia, respectively.Viable Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis occur frequently in children with chronic respiratory diseases and may be more prevalent in asthma patients. To the current authors' knowledge, this is the first report of viable Chlamydia trachomatis in the lungs of children.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Occurrence ofChlamydia trachomatisandChlamydia pneumoniaein paediatric respiratory infections

Webley¹,

Tilahun²,

Lay³

et al. 2008

Eur Respir J

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“…It was suggested that peripheral blood mononuclear cells may function as a means by which ChP enters the CNS to induce neuroinflammation in AD. ChP has been shown to stimulate transendothelial entry of monocytes through human brain endothelial cells, which is facilitated by the upregulation of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on brain endothelial cells, connected with increases in LFA-1, VLA-4, and MAC-1 on monocytes [5,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of CSF-Chlamydia pneumoniae, CSF-tau, and CSF-Abeta42 in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

et al. 2007

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The potential role of microbiological factors such as Chlamydia pneumoniae (ChP) in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), has been suggested, but the correctness of this hypothesis still needs to be tested. In this study the appearance of ChP in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 57 AD and 21 VD patients and in 47 controls (CG) as well as the influence of ChP on the levels of tau protein and Abeta42 were investigated. The frequency of ChP occurrence in the AD patient group (43.9%) was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in the control group (10.6%). In the case of VD patients, 9.5% of this group was positive for ChP. The presence of ChP DNA in the CSF of patients with AD significantly increases the occurrence of this disease (odds ratio = 7.21). Cerebrospinal fluid Abeta42 levels were significantly lower in patients with AD than in the CG (p < 0.001). Cerebrospinal tau protein was significantly higher in AD vs. CG (p = 0.007). However, no relationships between the presence of the bacterium in CSF and the level of either tau or Abeta42 protein were observed. In conclusion, we may suspect that testing for the presence of ChP in CSF, along with the tau and Abeta42 markers, may be used in the clinic diagnosis of AD.

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“…Cpn replicates mainly in macrophage/monocytes, neutrophils, and to a lesser degree, epithelial cells (10, 49, 52, 53). We analyzed for the presence of intracellular Cpn by flow cytometry to determine which cells were infected by Cpn in mast cell deficient mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Western blotting was performed as described previously (10, 48, 49). Briefly, lungs from Cpn infected mice were homogenized and lysed in PLC lysis buffer containing proteinase inhibitors (Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Sigma-Aldrich).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mast Cells Play an Important Role in Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection by Facilitating Immune Cell Recruitment into the Airway

Chiba

Shimada

Chen

et al. 2015

The Journal of Immunology

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Mast cells are known as central players in allergy and anaphylaxis, and play a pivotal role in host defense against certain pathogens. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) is an important human pathogen, but it is unclear what role mast cells play during Cpn infection. We infected C57BL/6 (WT) and mast cell-deficient mice, Kitw-sh/w-sh (Wsh), with Cpn. Wsh mice showed improved survival than WT, with fewer cells in Wsh BALF despite similar levels of cytokines and chemokines. We also found a more rapid clearance of bacteria from the lungs of Wsh mice compared with WT. Cromolyn, a mast cell stabilizer, reduced BAL cells and bacterial burden similar to Wsh mice; conversely, Compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, increased the number of BAL cells and bacterial burden. Histology showed that WT lungs had diffuse inflammation while Wsh mice had patchy accumulations of neutrophils and perivascular accumulations of lymphocytes. Infected Wsh mice had reduced amounts of MMP-9 in BALF and were resistant to epithelial integral membrane protein degradation, suggesting that barrier integrity remains intact in Wsh mice. Mast cell reconstitution in Wsh mice led to enhanced bacterial growth and normal epithelial integral membrane protein degradation, highlighting the specific role of mast cells in this model. These data suggest that mast cells play a detrimental role during Cpn infection by facilitating immune cell infiltration into the airspace and providing a more favorable replicative environment for Cpn.

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Chlamydia pneumoniae: crossing the barriers?

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Occurrence ofChlamydia trachomatisandChlamydia pneumoniaein paediatric respiratory infections

Occurrence ofChlamydia trachomatisandChlamydia pneumoniaein paediatric respiratory infections

Evaluation of CSF-Chlamydia pneumoniae, CSF-tau, and CSF-Abeta42 in Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

Mast Cells Play an Important Role in Chlamydia pneumoniae Lung Infection by Facilitating Immune Cell Recruitment into the Airway

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