<i>cis</i>‐Vaccenic acid in pulp lipids of commonly available fruits

Shibahara, Akira; Yamamoto, Kohei; Nakayama, Takao; Kajimoto, Gorō

doi:10.1007/bf02549303

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Another increased fatty acid is asclepic acid, usual in fruit pulp lipids (Shibahara et al 1987) and found in a small amount ± up to 3% ± in common vegetable seed oils. In analyses it is always added to the amount of oleic acid (Kleiman and Payne-Wahl 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) mutants

Martı́nez-Force

Álvarez-Ortega

Garcés

1999

Planta

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Two high-palmitic acid sun¯ower (Helianthus annuus L.) mutants, CAS-5 and CAS-12, have been biochemically characterised. The enzymatic activities found to be responsible for the mutant characteristics are b-keto-acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase II (KASII; EC 2.3.1.41) and acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (EC 3.1.2.14). Our data suggest that the high-palmitic acid phenotype observed in both mutant lines is due to the combined eect of a lower KASII activity and a higher thioesterase activity with respect to palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein (16:0-ACP). The level of the latter enzyme appeared to be insucient to hydrolyse the produced 16:0-ACP completely. As a consequence of this, three new fatty acids appear: palmitoleic acid (16:1 D9), asclepic acid (18:1 D11), and palmitolinoleic acid (16:2 D9 D12). These fatty acids should be synthesised from palmitoyl-ACP or a derivative by the action of the stearoyl-ACP desaturase, fatty acid synthetase II and oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine desaturase, respectively.Key words: Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase ± Fatty acid synthetase II ± Helianthus (seed) ± b-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase II ± Mutant fatty acid ± Palmitic acid Abbreviations: ACP acyl carrier protein; DAF days after owering; FAS fatty acid synthetase; KAS b-keto-acyl-ACP

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) mutants

Martı́nez-Force

Álvarez-Ortega

Garcés

1999

Planta

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“…Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids were the major components in all the lipids and lipid classes studied (Waheed et al, 2009 Lazos andServos (1988) andhabib et al (1986). Shibahara et al (1987) determined 11.7-21.5% palmitic, 1.0-1.7% stearic, 3.9-27.5% oleic, 3.9-22.3% cis-oleic, 18.0-36.2% linoleic and 7.2-16.0% linolenic acids in the pulp lipids of lemon, grapefruit, sweet orange and Japanese mandarin. Palmitic acid was found to be the dominant saturated fatty acid, but this fatty acid in Turkish citrus oil was in lower concentrations than those reported by French, 1962;Lazos and Servos, 1988;El-Adawy et al, 1999 andhabib et al, 1986.…”

Section: Chemical Evaluation Of Citrus Seeds An Agro-industrial Wastmentioning

confidence: 91%

Chemical evaluation of citrus seeds, an agro-industrial waste, as a new potential source of vegetable oils

Matthäus¹,

Özcan²

2012

Grasas y Aceites

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3130.8 and 21.0 mg/100 g. The predominant isomers were α-and γ-tocopherol, with approximate equal amounts between about 0.4 and 17.5 mg/100 g. The total sterol contents of the oils were found between 1310.54 and 3986.58 mg/kg, with β-sitosterol as the predominant sterol that accounted for more than 70% of the total amount of sterols. Other sterols, campesterol (8.03-15.26%), stigmasterol (2.55-7.69%), ∆5-avenasterol (1.80-5.67%), cholesterol (0.83-2.70%) and chlerosterol (0.93-1.78%) were detected in most of the oils. The results of the present study indicate that the seed oils of Citrus fruits are considered to be a potential oil source due to their fatty acid composition and important tocopherol and sterol, and might be used for edible applications as well as the production of potential value-added products. KEY-WORDS: Citrus -Oil -Fatty acids -Seeds -Sterols -Rutaceae -Tocopherols. INTRODUCTIONThe Citrus species, belonging to the family Rutaceae, is an annual plant that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean countries of the Middle East and Southern Europe but also grows abundantly in other warm climates worldwide. The plants of most species of Citrus are large evergreen shrubs or small trees, and their fruits are among the most important tree fruit crops in the world. Citrus fruits are of great economic importance because of their varied uses (Saidani et al., 2004).Citrus species are of prime economic importance in both fresh and processed fruit markets. Consequently, large amounts of Citrus seeds are discharged at processing plants. At present Citrus fruits are processed to produce juice, jam or marmalade and the wastes of this industry such as peels, seeds and pulps represent about 50% of the raw processed fruit (Ben Gern, 1967). This not only wastes a potentially valuable resource, but also aggravates already serious disposal problems. So, expansion in the Citrus industry in recent years attracts attention to the further use of the Citrus seeds as a potential source for other nutrients. Obviously, such an objective would improve the utilization of the

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“…cis-Vaccinate occurs at high levels (more than 10% of total fatty acids) in some seed oils (Chisholm antl Hopkins, 1965;Kleimari and Payne-Wahl, 1984), fruit pulp (Shibahara et al, 1986(Shibahara et al, , 1987Hibahara et al, 1989;Yamamoto et al, 19901, and tissue cultures of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica (Spencer et al, 1974) and Petroselinum crispum (Illlenbracht et al, 1980). However, in most plants (Chisholm and Hopkins, 1965;Mukherjee and Kiewitt, 19801, as well as mammals (Holoway and Wabil, 1964;Kuemmel and Chapman, 1968;Longmuir, 1987) and microorganisms (Fulco, 1983), it i s present in low concentrations (0.52%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleic Acid and Its Positional Isomer, cis-Vaccinic Acid, in the Appendix of Sauromatum guttatum during Anthesis

Skubatz¹,

Svee²,

Moore³

et al. 1995

Plant Physiol.

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California 9561 6 (E.R.S.); and Fairchild Tropical Garden, l h e fatty acid profiles of various organs of the thermogenic inflorescence of Sauromatum guttatum and of the sporophylls of thermogenic male cones of two cycad species (fncephalartos ferox and Dioon edule var edule and var angustifolium) were determined by gas chromatography. During anthesis, palmitate (1 6:0), oleate [18:1 (9)], cis-vaccinate [18:1 (ll)], and linoleate [18:2 (9, 12)l were the most abundant fatty acids i n the Sauromatum appendix.cis-Vaccinic acid, a positional isomer of oleic acid, was identified by comparing its retention time on a gas chromatography column and its mass spectrum to an authentic compound. The percentage of oleic acid from total fatty acids dropped from about 9 in the morning 3 d before heat production to 6 in the morning 2 d before heat production. At this time, the percentage of cis-vaccinic acid increased from 3 to 11 %, and then remained at this level until the inflorescence dried and died. Palmitoleic acid [16:1 (9)], the common precursor of cis-vaccinic acid, is a minor component of total fatty acids. In six other organs of the Sauromatum inflorescence including thermogenic organs, such as male flowers and lower spadix, palmitate, oleate, and linoleate were prevalent but cisvaccinate was not. The thermogenic male cones of the two cycad species were rich i n palmitic, oleic, and linolenic acids. The level of cis-vaccinic acid i n these organs was less than 0.5%.One striking example of a thermogenic plant organ is provided by the inflorescence of Sauromatum guttatum (the voodoo lily). On D-day, the day of inflorescence opening, the Sauromatum appendix (a 20-cm-long, slender organ) becomes hot, reaching a temperature of 32°C (Skubatz et al., 1991). The heat facilitates the vaporization of odoriferous compounds that attract pollinators; the heat loss reaches a value of 1 mW/mg dry weight . The heat is generated by the mitochondria via an alternative, cyanide-resistant pathway. The activity of this pathway, which is present in the mitochondria of many plant species, does not produce ATP, and the energy is thus released as heat (Siedow and Moore, 1993).Electron microscopic study of the Sauromatum appendix has revealed the presence of numerous lipid bodies in the cells ). It appears that the lipid bodies,

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cis‐Vaccenic acid in pulp lipids of commonly available fruits

Cited by 27 publications

References 13 publications

Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) mutants

Enzymatic characterisation of high-palmitic acid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) mutants

Chemical evaluation of citrus seeds, an agro-industrial waste, as a new potential source of vegetable oils

Oleic Acid and Its Positional Isomer, cis-Vaccinic Acid, in the Appendix of Sauromatum guttatum during Anthesis

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