<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection: A Comprehensive Review

Kachrimanidou, Melina; Malisiovas, Nikolaos

doi:10.3109/1040841x.2011.556598

Cited by 129 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…More severe infections can lead to pseudomembranous colitis and toxic megacolon 1. Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance mean that the threat from C. difficile is also increasing 2, 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular structure of the glycoside hydrolase domain of Cwp19 from Clostridium difficile

et al. 2017

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Clostridium difficile is a burden to healthcare systems around the world, causing tens of thousands of deaths annually. The S‐layer of the bacterium, a layer of protein found of the surface of cells, has received a significant amount of attention over the past two decades as a potential target to combat the growing threat presented by C. difficile infections. The S‐layer contains a wide range of proteins, each of which possesses three cell wall‐binding domains, while many also possess a “functional” region. Here, we present the high resolution structure of the functional region of one such protein, Cwp19 along with preliminary functional characterisation of the predicted glycoside hydrolase. Cwp19 has a TIM barrel fold and appears to possess a high degree of substrate selectivity. The protein also exhibits peptidoglycan hydrolase activity, an order of magnitude slower than that of lysozyme and is the first member of glycoside hydrolase‐like family 10 to be characterised. This research goes some way to understanding the role of Cwp19 in the S‐layer of C. difficile.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5OQ2 and 5OQ3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The molecular structure of the glycoside hydrolase domain of Cwp19 from Clostridium difficile

et al. 2017

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“…[1][2][3] Unfortunately data on the incidence of C. difficile infection in Asia in particular are more limited but the available reports suggest an increasing number in countries including Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, India and Japan. [4][5][6][7][8] C. difficile is a grampositive spore-forming bacterium, producing cytotoxin (toxin A, B) and the resulting pathology can vary from being asymptomatic to pseudomembranous colitis, a condition with high morbidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile infection among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in acute medical wards

Hassan

Rahman²,

Huda³

et al. 2013

J R Coll Physicians Edinb

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Background:Clostridum difficile (C. difficile) infection is increasingly seen among hospitalised patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus but its rate and associated risk factors are not known. We aimed to determine the rate and characteristics of hospital-acquired C. difficile infection in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards. Methods: Our prospective cross-sectional study involved 159 patients with established type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards who developed a hospital-acquired C. difficile infection. Stools were tested for C. difficile toxins using a toxin A/B kit and a toxin A kit. Clinical features, laboratory findings, types of antibiotics, and use of a proton pump inhibitor were examined for their association with the infection. Results: Thirteen subjects were positive for toxin A and one for toxin B. Using univariable analysis, we found that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hospitalacquired C. difficile infection were younger (mean 53.8 years, p=0.02), had diarrhoea and abdominal pain (p=0.001) but no fever. Sepsis (p=0.02) and use of a proton pump inhibitor (p=0.01) were more commonly implicated as the cause of the infection. Of the various types of antibiotics prescribed, carbapenem (28.6% vs 4.1%, p=0.01) and metronidazole (42.9% vs 19.3%, p=0.04) were significantly associated with hospitalacquired C. difficile infection. Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted into acute medical wards and who developed hospital-acquired C. difficile infection have distinct characteristics.

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“…El comienzo de los síntomas varía desde 1 día hasta 10 sem tras la exposición aunque la mayoría se manifiestan entre los 3 y 7 primeros días 50 . Las principales manifestaciones clínicas son a nivel del colon, pero la afectación va más allá del colon, pudiendo observarse aunque en menor frecuencia, manifestaciones extra-colónicas de la enfermedad 51,52 .…”

Section: Espectro Clínicounclassified