<i>Clostridium septicum</i>
            aortitis: A kiss of the devil

Ranchal, Purva; Ferin, Adam; Gupta, Rahul; Malekan, Ramin; Goldberg, Joshua; Laskowski, Igor; Khoury, Marc El

doi:10.1111/jocs.14402

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Interestingly, the individual inhibitory activity of clindamycin proved to be more effective (MIC 0Á08 µg ml −1 ) in comparison to the inhibitory activity of the penicillin in combination clindamycin (0Á63 µg ml −1 ). A recent study (Ranchal et al 2020), recommends that the combination should be used for the treatment of C. septicum which contradicts the in vitro activities observed herein. Ciprofloxacin has proven to be the most effective antibiotic with inhibitory (MIC 0Á08 µg ml −1 ) and bactericidal activity (MBC 0Á63 µg ml −1 ) observed against both Clostridial strains tested.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

“…When reviewing the antibiotic susceptibility against clostridial isolates it was found that of the fourteen antibiotics tested against C. perfringens, resistance was observed against eight antibiotics (Khan et al 2019). Another study recommended that a combination of clindamycin and penicillin should be used to treat C. septicum (Stevens et al 2005;Ranchal et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium perfringens and C. septicum are anaerobic, Gram-positive rod-shaped bacilli which have previously been isolated and identified in various diseases such as infections of the gut of humans and ruminants, foodborne illnesses, necrotic enteritis among other infections (Choi et al 2020;Hamad et al 2020;Harry et al 2020;Lu et al 2020). The pathogens have also been isolated for gangrenous infections, aortitis, and pneumorachis (Junior et al 2020;Ranchal et al 2020;Wongboonsin et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential oil combinations against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum ‐ the causative agents of gas gangrene

Khan

Vuuren

2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The inhibitory and bactericidal effect of a wide range of essential oils, and their selected combinations against two pathogens (Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum), the causative pathogens of gas gangrenous infections were investigated. Fractional inhibitory indices were also calculated to determine the interactions. Methods and Results: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were used to determine the efficacy of the essential oils. Santalum austrocaledonicum demonstrated the highest activity inhibiting both Clostridial pathogens at the lowest concentration of 0Á02 mg ml −1 . Santalum austrocaledonicum combined with Cymbopogon martinii had the strongest inhibition against C. perfringens (MIC 0Á02 mg ml −1 ) and C. septicum (MIC 0Á01 mg ml −1 ). Selected combinations demonstrated synergy (ΣFIC ≤ 0Á50) in combination against both pathogens tested. Antagonism was also observed in many combinations. Conclusions: Selected essential oils, when studied either individually or in combination, have high inhibitory and bactericidal effects against both Clostridial strains. Nine combinations have proven to be synergistic with 23 combinations additive; 96 indifferent and 77 having an antagonistic effect against the pathogenic strains. Some combinations demonstrated extreme antagonism and as such, careful consideration needs to be given to essential oil selection against these pathogens. Significant Impact of the Study: Very few essential oils have been antimicrobially screened (MIC and MBC) against Clostridial strains and furthermore, the efficacies in combination are not known.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Essential oil combinations against Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum ‐ the causative agents of gas gangrene

Khan

Vuuren

2021

J of Applied Microbiology

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“…C. septicum is a major etiological agent of nontraumatic or spontaneous gas gangrene, a fulminant form of myonecrosis, in humans (38). The incidence and epidemiology of C. septicum infection in humans is unknown; however, on the basis of case reports, the bacterium can cause aortitis (53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58), pneumorachis (59,60), meningitis (61), and hepatic abscess (62). These infections can lead to gas gangrene, and even septicemia, with a mortality rate of up to 79% within 48 hours (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clostridium septicum α-toxin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome by engaging GPI-anchored proteins

et al. 2022

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Clostridium species are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that cause diseases in humans, such as food poisoning, botulism, and tetanus. Here, we analyzed 10 different Clostridium species and identified that Clostridium septicum , a pathogen that causes sepsis and gas gangrene, activates the mammalian cytosolic inflammasome complex in mice and humans. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that α-toxin secreted by C. septicum binds to glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)–anchored proteins on the host plasma membrane, oligomerizing and forming a membrane pore that is permissive to efflux of magnesium and potassium ions. Efflux of these cytosolic ions triggers the activation of the innate immune sensor NLRP3, inducing activation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D, secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, pyroptosis, and plasma membrane rupture via ninjurin-1. Furthermore, α-toxin of C. septicum induces rapid inflammasome-mediated lethality in mice and pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome using MCC950 prevents C. septicum –induced lethality. Overall, our results reveal that cytosolic innate sensing of α-toxin is central to the recognition of C. septicum infection and that therapeutic blockade of the inflammasome pathway may prevent sepsis and death caused by toxin-producing pathogens.

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“…A review of all reported cases of C. septicum aortitis demonstrated this to be the 73rd reported case. [2][3][4][5][6][7] C. septicum is a Gram-positive, spore-forming rod, with a strong predisposition to spread throughout the body both via local and haematogenous distribution. 8 Aortic involvement is associated with colonic carcinoma in up to 56%, 2 as its anaerobic growth is facilitated by the hypoxic, necrotic milieu of the tumour.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%