<i>Colloquium</i>
: Quantum limits to the energy resolution of magnetic field sensors

Mitchell, Morgan W.; Palacios, Silvana

doi:10.1103/revmodphys.92.021001

Cited by 88 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 143 publications

(127 reference statements)

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“…By taking the physical volume of our microsphere as reference, the quantum limited magnetic field resolution can be calculated for our experiment as S B,QL = 57 fT/ √ Hz. This means that, in contrast with other magnetometers [38], our micromagnet could potentially beat the quantum limit by a factor of 4. By achieving the theoretical thermal motion of the β mode with the measured Q factor, the field resolution would be √ S B ≈ 1 fT/ √ Hz almost two orders of magnitude better than the quantum limit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Therefore, our levitated particle has the potential to outperform existing state-of-the-art magnetometers in terms of field resolution normalized over the sensed magnetic field volume. This finding can be stated more precisely in terms of the so called quantum limit of magnetometry [38], which can be defined through the relation:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, these systems have been proposed not only for ultrasensitive force and inertial sensing [34,36], but also to test quantum mechanics in currently inaccessible regimes [4], to enable quantum technologies such as quantum magnetomechanics [27] and acoustomechanics [37] and for ultrasensitive magnetometry [11]. In particular, it has been suggested that a levitated micromagnet can overcome the standard quantum limitations to the resolution per unit volume of a magnetometer [11,38].…”

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confidence: 99%

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“…beyond the standard model, when it comes to testing candidates of Dark Matter 5-10 and possible effects in particle interactions related to Dark Energy [11][12][13] ; the low-energy regime of the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity 46,[104][105][106][107] ; precision tests of gravity 14,15,83,94,[108][109][110][111] ; the test of the equivalence principle and of general relativity's predictions, such as gravitational waves, in a parameter range complementary to existing experiments such as LIGO, VIRGO, GEO600, and the planned LISA space antenna 112,113 , and frame-dragging effects 114 . Furthermore, large-mass experiments in space will unavoidably provide a formidable platform for applications in Earth and planet observation 115,116 , where large-mass mechanical systems have already shown a superb capability as force and acceleration sensors 78,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125] , including in rotational mechanical modes 55,126 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing the foundation of quantum physics in space via Interferometric and non-interferometric experiments with mesoscopic nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Quantum technologies are opening novel avenues for applied and fundamental science at an impressive pace. In this perspective article, we focus on the promises coming from the combination of quantum technologies and space science to test the very foundations of quantum physics and, possibly, new physics. In particular, we survey the field of mesoscopic superpositions of nanoparticles and the potential of interferometric and non-interferometric experiments in space for the investigation of the superposition principle of quantum mechanics and the quantum-to-classical transition. We delve into the possibilities offered by the state-of-the-art of nanoparticle physics projected in the space environment and discuss the numerous challenges, and the corresponding potential advancements, that the space environment presents. In doing this, we also offer an ab-initio estimate of the potential of space-based interferometry with some of the largest systems ever considered and show that there is room for tests of quantum mechanics at an unprecedented level of detail.

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“…The frontiers of physical sensors regarding sensitivity, resolution, measuring range, precision, accuracy, etc., are expanded almost every day. Undoubtedly, nano and quantum technologies (Dowran et al, 2018;Mitchell and Alvarez, 2020) will contribute to pushing the limits of physical and other sensors. By using single or entangled photons or other quantum resources the sensitivity of optical and electronic sensors can be improved beyond the so-called shot-noise limit.…”

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confidence: 99%

Grand Challenges in Physical Sensors

Villatoro

2020

Front. Sens.

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Since ancient times the monitoring of physical parameters like temperature, wind velocity, atmospheric pressure, tilt, and force, among others, has been important for humanity. The first sensors or devices to measure such parameters were bulky. In addition, they were inaccurate, as the user or observer was in charge of reading and interpreting the sensor signal. Nonetheless, the data gathered with such devices were useful for navigation and astronomy. Nowadays, our society is more industrialized, and we use, and to some extent depend on, a myriad of sophisticated devices, machines, and instruments. The performance and functionalities of such devices, machines, and instruments depend indirectly on the diverse high-precision sensors installed within them. Therefore, there has been an increasing need for more and more sensors. Such sensors are used to monitor parameters as diverse as liquid level, flow, temperature, pressure, magnetic fields, acoustic signals, distance, proximity, inclination, rotation, touch, motion, light intensity, acceleration, color, and many others. Presently, sensors are being used to monitor physical parameters even in the most hostile or challenging of environments, such as, for example, force and ultrasound inside the human body, acoustic waves in the deep sea, pressure in turbines and oil wells, and rotation and acceleration in space. Sensors can provide data and information on multiple physical parameters that are crucial for controlling diverse industrial processes or that are vital in medical applications, meteorology, or scientific research. That is the reason why these sensors have become ubiquitous. Sensors provide useful data on the environment where they are located, which is vital for the performance and functionality of devices and machines. They also provide continuous information on the status or health of structures, materials, or devices wherein they are embedded. Thus, they are placed at multiple points to collect as much data as possible on diverse physical parameters. In this manner, sensors make materials, devices, or structures, smart, more efficient or functional, and safer. In most cases, sensors only provide data on a single parameter, the one they are conceived for, but in more recent applications, two or more sensors work together. For example, accelerometers and gyroscopes in unmanned aircraft provide more information to the aircraft itself, such as position, altitude, distance traveled, etc. Accelerometers and gyroscopes in wearable devices or in sporting equipment work together to provide information as diverse as distance traveled by a person, the number of impacts, the power and location of the impact, etc. All this information helps athletes to improve their performance. Presently, it is impossible to conceive critical infrastructures, vehicles, instruments, cities, homes, gadgets, etc., without multiple physical sensors. The mission of such sensors is to provide real-time data on a number of parameters ranging from temperature, acceleration, and sound, to ti...

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Colloquium : Quantum limits to the energy resolution of magnetic field sensors

Cited by 88 publications

References 143 publications

Ultralow Mechanical Damping with Meissner-Levitated Ferromagnetic Microparticles

Ultralow Mechanical Damping with Meissner-Levitated Ferromagnetic Microparticles

Testing the foundation of quantum physics in space via Interferometric and non-interferometric experiments with mesoscopic nanoparticles

Grand Challenges in Physical Sensors

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