Coptis teeta Wall.: A Comprehensive Overview of its Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Uses, Phytochemicals and Conservation

Abstract

Coptis teeta Wall. (C. teeta) is a herb that goes by the name "Mishmi Tita", and holds significant value as a medicinal plant for treating various health conditions. This endangered plant, listed in the Red Data Book, is commonly found in India, Nepal, Bhutan and China. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize the traditional, pharmaceutical, and phytochemical aspects of C. teeta, providing a foundation for researchers to explore this endangered plant, and take bold steps to conserve, cultivate, and promote awareness among local people. A thorough literature search was conducted on PubMed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, SciFinder, and the ISI Web of Knowledge, using the following terms: "Coptis teeta", "Coptis teeta Wall.", "Mishmi tita", "Rhizoma coptidis", "Chinese medicine from Coptis teeta", and "Traditional uses of Coptis teeta". A comprehensive examination of 69 articles published between 1982 and 2023 was conducted to explore the properties and traditional applications of C. teeta. It was found that this plant and its active compounds exhibit a range of effects, such as fighting against microbes, alleviating diarrhoea, lowering blood pressure, regulating heart rhythm, reducing inflammation, improving mood, treating trachoma, managing diabetes, providing pain relief, and countering reactions. A total of 27 compounds were identified in different parts of this plant, according to the surveyed literature. These have been traditionally utilized to address ailments, including conditions, eye disorders, skin issues, gastrointestinal troubles like constipation and jaundice, and urinary disorders. Furthermore, these have shown potential in cancer treatment and mitigating inflammation. C. teeta boasts diverse traditional uses and promising pharmacological activities due to its rich chemical composition. Berberine is the main constituent, and various communities utilize it for various ailments. While endangered, C. teeta offers exciting medicinal potential, warranting further research and sustainable conservation efforts. Cultivating the plant and raising public awareness are crucial steps towards its preservation.