Cordyceps militaris Extract Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Abstract

Memory impairment is one of main clinical symptoms of brain senescence. To address the effects of Cordyceps militaris Link extract (CE) on memory impairment, a D-galactose (D-Gal)-induced aging mouse model was employed. Mice injected with D-Gal showed a significant learning and memory impairment that was rescued by CE treatment. The mechanism was further investigated by analyzing the protein level and activity of oxidant and antioxidant molecules, including malondialdehyde (MDA), monoamine oxidase (MAO), total super-oxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), which played critical roles in the development of brain senescence. The results showed that CE treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the oxidative activity of MAO and the level of MDA, and significantly increased the antioxidant activities of T-SOD and T-AOC in the cerebral cortices. Moreover, the level of GSH and the activity of antioxidant enzymes GSH-px in serum were significantly upregulated after CE treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that Cordyceps militaris extract could ameliorate experimental memory impairment in mice with D-Gal-induced aging through its potent antioxidant activities.

Effect of black mulberry (Morus nigra) extract treatment on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress status of d-galactose-induced aging mice

“…Long-term D-galactose injection induces changes that resemble natural aging in experimental animals, such as cognitive dysfunction, oxidative damage, and cholinergic dysfunction (Li et al 2012;Xian et al 2014). In this study we observed that, administration of D-galactose to mice caused cognitive deficit and showed deterioration of learning and memory capacity when Morris water maze was applied.…”

“…One of the mechanisms that has been put forward is that, longterm administration of D-galactose enhances the formation of free radicals which attack lipids and proteins, produces several byproducts and also leads to decrement of antioxidant enzyme activities (Kumar et al 2011;Li et al 2012). According to the free radical theory of aging, free radicals play role in mediating accelerating aging and neurodegeneration (Harman 1956).…”

“…However, at high concentration, an aberrant biochemical mechanism launches and D-galactose changes into galactitol which accumulates in the cell and leads to the generation of ROS (Kumar et al 2011;Wang et al 2012). Long-term administration to D-galactose induces aging-related symptoms similar to those in normal aging span, such as neurodegeneration, significant drops in learning and memory levels, substantial decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels and excessive free radical formation (Li et al 2012;Xian et al 2014).…”

Anti-Aging and Enhanced Physique Activities Research of Astragalus Mongolicus Water Extract in Mice

“…Furthermore, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) act by scavenging the superoxide anion and H 2 O 2 to prevent reactiveoxygen-species-(ROS-) induced damage [13]. D-galactose (D-gal) induced oxidative stress test was often used to selected medicine with anti-oxidative stress and anti-aging activity [14][15][16][17]. The results exhibited that administration of D-gal 300 g/kg daily for 8 weeks prior to training induced a significant increase in memory injury, oxidative stress was also induced by D-gal.…”

Broad Efficacy of Scavenging Free Radicals: Cordyceps sp.

“…We check that the quantity of oxidative hits to DNA per cell daily is around 100,000 inside the model rodents and around 10,000 inside the human. DNA-fix synthetics capably dispense with most, yet not all, of the wounds outlined [6,[29][30][31] for instance, the significant change repeat in human lymphocytes, of which the responsibility of oxidative DNA bruises is dark, is around numerous occasions more vital in elderly people than in youths [32]. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from rat liver has in more than numerous occasions the level of oxidative DNA hurt than does nuclear DNA from an indistinguishable tissue [16,33].…”