<i>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis</i>infection in horses: Increasing frequency and spread to new regions of North America

Spier, Sharon J.; Azevedo, Vasco

doi:10.1111/eve.12589

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…pseudotuberculosis was suggested to be under anagenesis and that Ovis would replace Equi [ 87 ]. However, Equi has horse and buffalo as exclusive hosts [ 19 , 31 ] and infections of horses are increasing in frequency in North America [ 28 ]. This implies that at least Equi has exclusive hosts in which it would not be outcompeted and replaced by Ovis, and that both biovars (lineages) will probably continue to coexist.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolates from the Equi biovar (nitrate positive) are known for causing Oedematous Skin Disease (OSD) in buffaloes [ 26 ]. Equi isolates have also been found in horses [ 27 , 28 ], cattle [ 22 , 29 ] and camels [ 30 ], with different manifestation in each host species. Cattle and camels are the only cross-over hosts in that both Ovis and Equi strains have been isolated from them, but each biovars present a different disease phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapidly evolving changes and gene loss associated with host switching in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

et al. 2018

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Phylogenomics and genome scale positive selection analyses were performed on 29 Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis genomes that were isolated from different hosts, including representatives of the Ovis and Equi biovars. A total of 27 genes were identified as undergoing adaptive changes. An analysis of the clades within this species and these biovars, the genes specific to each branch, and the genes responding to selective pressure show clear differences, indicating that adaptation and specialization is occurring in different clades. These changes are often correlated with the isolation host but could indicate responses to some undetermined factor in the respective niches. The fact that some of these more-rapidly evolving genes have homology to known virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and drug targets shows that this type of analysis could be used to identify novel targets, and that these could be used as a way to control this pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly evolving changes and gene loss associated with host switching in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

et al. 2018

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“…They clustered together probably because they came from the same source, that could be transported infected animals. Affected horses were identified in all regions of the US and the state of Texas, which borders Mexico, has the highest number of cases) [ 9 , 21 ].…”

Section: Organism Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cases in other countries such as Portugal [ 18 ], Mexico [ 19 ] and Equatorial Guinea [ 20 ] have been reported in the recent years. In the United States, C. pseudotuberculosis infections are reemerging and considered endemic [ 19 ], and the state with the highest number of cases of this bacterium was Texas, which borders Mexico [ 21 ]. The spread of C. pseudotuberculosis to other countries brings out the importance of improving the understanding of this bacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First genome sequencing and comparative analyses of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains from Mexico

Parise

Viana

et al. 2018

Stand in Genomic Sci

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Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a pathogenic bacterium which has been rapidly spreading all over the world, causing economic losses in the agricultural sector and sporadically infecting humans. Six C. pseudotuberculosis strains were isolated from goats, sheep, and horses with distinct abscess locations. For the first time, Mexican genomes of this bacterium were sequenced and studied in silico. All strains were sequenced using Ion Personal Genome Machine sequencer, assembled using Newbler and SPAdes software. The automatic genome annotation was done using the software RAST and in-house scripts for transference, followed by manual curation using Artemis software and BLAST against NCBI and UniProt databases. The six genomes are publicly available in NCBI database. The analysis of nucleotide sequence similarity and the generated phylogenetic tree led to the observation that the Mexican strains are more similar between strains from the same host, but the genetic structure is probably more influenced by transportation of animals between farms than host preference. Also, a putative drug target was predicted and in silico analysis of 46 strains showed two gene clusters capable of differentiating the biovars equi and ovis: Restriction Modification system and CRISPR-Cas cluster.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s40793-018-0325-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…This disease continues to spread worldwide, not only in small ruminants but also with pathogenic relevance in horses (Barba et al, 2015;Boysen, Davis, Beard, Lubbers, & Raghavan, 2015;Guedes et al, 2015;Spier & Azevedo, 2017), cattle (Rocha, 2011;Shpigel, Elad, Yeruham, Winkler, & Saran, 1993;Smith Bradford, 2015), wild ungulates such as the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica hispanica) (Colom-Cadena et al, 2014) and swine (Oliveira et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility assessment of an Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks

Costa

Huerta

Galán‐Relaño

et al. 2020

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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The actual prevalence of CLA (caseous lymphadenitis) in small ruminant flocks is underestimated in many countries, and because it is not a notifiable disease, it will continue to spread without data and information about its real economic impact. The difficulty in the accurate identification of the causative agent in internal subclinical cases allows the disease to spread within and between flocks. This research intends to assess the utility of an ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) test in the detection of internal subclinical cases of CLA in farms and to simultaneously add data on the seroprevalence of the disease in Portugal. Sera from 756 small ruminants, 70% sheep (528/756) and 30% goats (228/756) were screened for antibodies against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis using the ELISA technique based on a recombinant phospholipase D (ELITEST CLA # CK105A®). The animals showing internal lesions (n ꞊ 58) were sampled for the identification of the aetiological agent. In this investigation, the prevalence of CLA was 34% (258/756), with the ELISA test showing a low specificity (78%) and high sensitivity (100%). The proof was able to detect 57% (13/23) of subclinical cases of CLA confirmed by postmortem examination and conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The results also reveal that goats have a higher propensity for the disease, and dairy farms and non‐extensive production units appear to be more susceptible to CLA. This research clarifies an actual problem and pointed out the importance of CLA in small ruminant herds in Portugal. Finally seems to demonstrate that the ELISA test is a good diagnostic tool for use in CLA eradication programmes.

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Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosisinfection in horses: Increasing frequency and spread to new regions of North America

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Rapidly evolving changes and gene loss associated with host switching in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Rapidly evolving changes and gene loss associated with host switching in Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

First genome sequencing and comparative analyses of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis strains from Mexico

Utility assessment of an Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of subclinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminant flocks

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