<i>Cosmic Rays at Ground Level</i>

Wolfendale, A. W.; Chasson, R. L.

doi:10.1063/1.3128540

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…An excellent review of the efforts to observe tachyons [25] in cosmic-ray showers is provided by Clay [26]. The air-shower group of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research pioneered these studies by searching for energetic particles that arrive at the air-shower array some 10-50 s before the main shower front of electronpositron pairs, muons, and gamma rays initiated by cosmic-ray particles of * 10 6 GeV [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing violations of Lorentz invariance with cosmic rays

Cowsik¹,

Madziwa-Nussinov²,

Nussinov

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. D

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Cosmic rays are the highest energy particles available for our study, and as such serve as excellent probes of the effects of Lorentz invariance violations which are expected to increase with energy. This general paradigm is investigated in this paper by studying the effects of such violations within the Coleman-Glashow model in which each particle species may have its own maximum attainable velocity, even exceeding that of light in vacuo. The particular focus here is that the muon neutrino may have the maximum speed exceeding that of light. We show that such an assumption leads to the elongation of the decay lifetime of the pion which increases with energy over and above the time dilation effects. We provide a transparent analytical derivation of the spectral intensities of muon neutrinos and muons generated in the Earth's atmosphere by cosmic rays. In this derivation we not only account for elongation of the pion lifetime, but also for the loss of energy by the neutrinos by radiation of the electron-positron pairs through the Cohen-Glashow process during their propagation. We then compare the theoretical spectra with observations of neutrinos and muons from large instruments like IceCube and BUST to set a limit of $10 À13 on the fractional excess speed of neutrinos over that of light. We also show that the ratio of the spectral intensities of downward and upward moving neutrinos at various angles constitute an exclusive diagnostic for the Cohen-Glashow process, which may be searched for in the IceCube data set. We conclude the paper with several comments, including those related to improvements of these tests when definite signals of Griesen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin neutrinos will be observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing violations of Lorentz invariance with cosmic rays

Cowsik¹,

Madziwa-Nussinov²,

Nussinov

et al. 2012

Phys. Rev. D

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“…If the primary cosmic ray has an energy greater than 500 MeV the cosmic ray shower can reach the Earth's surface where the secondary particles may be detected by ground based cosmic ray experiments. A description of the different interactions involved in the development of a cosmic ray shower can be found for example in (Wolfendale, 1973;Stanev, 2004;Grieder, 2001).…”

Section: Cosmic Ray Interaction In the Atmospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Interstellar-Terrestrial Relations: Variable Cosmic Environments, The Dynamic Heliosphere, and Their Imprints on Terrestrial Archives and Climate

et al. 2007

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Abstract. In recent years the variability of the cosmic ray flux has become one of the main issues interpreting cosmogenic elements and especially their connection with climate. In this review, an interdisciplinary team of scientists brings together our knowledge of the evolution and modulation of the cosmic ray flux from its origin in the Milky Way, during its propagation through the heliosphere, up to its interaction with the Earth's magnetosphere, resulting, finally, in the production of cosmogenic isotopes in the Earth' atmosphere. The interpretation of the cosmogenic isotopes and the cosmic ray -cloud connection are also intensively discussed. Finally, we discuss some open questions.

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“…The energy content of GCRs is an important parameter. The energy densities at the Earth's surface above the energies indicated are, in units of Jm -3 , ~0.05, ~0.03, 3 x 10 -3 , 10 -4 and 10 -6 (Wolfendale, 1973). By contrast, the total solar irradiance is some 10 8 times greater than that for all GCR (Erlykin and Wolfendale, 2010).…”

Section: Solar Variability and Galactic Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 97%

Solar Variability, Galactic Cosmic Rays and Climate: A Review

Singh¹,

Singh²,

Siingh³

2014

Earth Science India

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Climate is among the most important natural resources for all living beings. The main external and internal driver for climate change is variability of the Sun. The Sun is the ultimate source of the energy on the Earth and play a key role in its climate change. What is still not known and needs to be found is the extent to which these variations in solar behavior affect the total energy that the Sun emits. The small variation in the solar irradiance and changes in its spectral distribution leads to a large variation in climate. An attempt has been made to report the present understanding of the solar variability and its consequences on the variability of solar irradiance which exhibits 11-year cyclic variation and modulation on higher time scale. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) reaching the Earth's atmosphere is modulated by the solar wind and geomagnetic field, which also exhibit 11-year cyclic variation. In the present paper, we have reviewed our current understanding on physics of solar variability, galactic cosmic rays and their effects on the Earth's climate.

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Cosmic Rays at Ground Level

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Testing violations of Lorentz invariance with cosmic rays

Testing violations of Lorentz invariance with cosmic rays

Interstellar-Terrestrial Relations: Variable Cosmic Environments, The Dynamic Heliosphere, and Their Imprints on Terrestrial Archives and Climate

Solar Variability, Galactic Cosmic Rays and Climate: A Review

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