<i>Coxiella burnetii</i> in cattle and their human contacts in a gaushala (cattle shelter) from India and its partial <i>com</i>1 gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis

Yadav, Jay Prakash; Malik, S.V.S.; Dhaka, Pankaj; Kumar, Ashok; Kumar, Manesh; Bhoomika, Sirsant; Gourkhede, Diksha; Singh, Rajbir; Barbuddhe, S. B.; Rawool, Deepak B.

doi:10.1080/10495398.2021.1906264

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These results agree with the findings of Kirkan et al (2008), who recorded 4.3% in cattle serum and with To et al (1998) who reported 3.9% in Japan. And nearly in line with the findings of Yadav et al (2021) who reported positive 6.87% of milk and 1.55% sera samples from cattle using TaqMan real-time PCR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Cows and Buffaloes in Egypt

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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Q fever is a zoonotic disease of public health significance caused by Coxiella burnetii affecting animals' productive and reproductive capabilities. This study aimed to compare seroprevalence of anti C. burnetii IgG and IgM antibodies (Abs) in cows and buffaloes in Egypt. Total of 314 serum and 282 milk samples were collected from 546 cows, and 50 buffaloes located in Assuit, Bani-Swif, Dakahlya, Fayoum, Giza, and Minya Governorates from 2015 to 2017. Animal reproductive status was recorded. Anti-Coxiella Abs were detected using Immuno-Fluorescent Antibody assay (IFA). In addition, seropositive samples were subjected to qPCR targeting isocitrate dehydrogenase-deficient (icd) gene. Differences in seropositive IgG and IgM in serum and milk samples among animal species, Governorates and animal reproductive status were investigated. In this study, overall seroprevalence of C. burnetii Abs was 31.5% (188/596). Considering sample type, IgG positive exceeds that of IgM in both sera and milk. IgG seroprevalence was significantly higher in serum (25.5%) than in milk (14.2%). In addition, within serum, IgG was significantly higher than IgM (12.1%). No significance was found between Governorates in IgG or IgM neither in serum nor in milk. However, significant higher seropositive IgG over IgM was observed in Assuit, Beni-Swif and Minya with 21.7, 24.5 and 23.9%, respectively. Regarding animal species, seroprevalence in cows (20.9%) was higher than in buffaloes (12.0%). IgG seroprevalence of cows was significantly higher in serum (26.0%) than milk (14.8%). In addition, within serum, seropositive IgG was significantly higher than IgM (12.5%). Both IgG and IgM seropositive were significantly the highest in abortion. Also, IgG seropositive was significantly higher in repeat breeder than apparent healthy. In buffaloes, only IgM seropositive was significantly the highest in abortion. In cows' sera, significant higher IgG over IgM was observed in all reproductive status. While in cows' milk samples, only abortion showed significant higher IgG over IgM. In buffaloes, no significant difference was observed between IgG and IgM neither in sera nor in milk. The icd gene of C. burnetii was detected only in 6 milk (8.6%) and 2 serum samples (1.7%). (In conclusion, the study revealed a wide distribution of infections over the study area. To set a preventive and control strategies of Q fever, further epidemiological studies are recommended. The study recommends using IgG in studying Q fever seroprevalence).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Cows and Buffaloes in Egypt

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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“…Studies by Cardinale et al ( 38 ) and Knobel et al ( 6 ) reported lower molecular prevalences of 0.81 and 2.1% in cattle vaginal swabs samples in Reunion Island and western Kenya, respectively. A study conducted in India also reported a lower molecular prevalence of 1.81% in cattle vaginal swabs samples ( 39 ). Anastácio et al ( 40 ) reported a higher prevalence (20.0%) in bulk tank milk samples in Portugal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa

et al. 2023

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Q fever in animals and humans and its economic and public health significance has been widely reported worldwide but in South Africa. There are few studies on the prevalence of this zoonosis and its associated risk factors in South African livestock. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence, molecular prevalence, and risk factors associated with C. burnetii in cattle on farms in South Africa’s Limpopo province. Out of 383 cattle tested for antibodies, the overall seroprevalence was 24.28%. Herd size of >150 (OR: 9.88; 95%CI: 3.92–24.89; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii seropositivity in cattle. For PCR detection, targeting IS1111 fragment, cattle with no abortion history (OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.18–0.77; p < 0.01) and herd size of >150 (OR: 3.52; 95%CI: 1.34–9.24; p < 0.01) remained associated with C. burnetii positivity. The molecular prevalence in sheath scrapings and vaginal swabs by IS1111 PCR was 15.67%. Cohen’s kappa agreement test revealed a fair agreement between the PCR and ELISA results (k = 0.40). Sequence analysis revealed that the amplicons had similarities to the C. burnetii transposase gene fragment, confirming the presence of the pathogen. The higher seroprevalence than molecular prevalence indicated a past C. burnetii infection, no bacterial shedding through vaginal mucus in cows, or preputial discharge in bulls. Similarly, the detection of C. burnetii by PCR in the absence of antibodies could be partly explained by recent infections in which antibodies have not yet been produced against the bacteria, or the level of these antibodies was below the detectability threshold. The presence of the pathogen in cattle and the evidence of exposure, as shown by both PCR and ELISA suggests an active circulation of the pathogen. This study demonstrated that C. burnetii is widespread in the study area and that a herd size of >150 is associated with C. burnetii seroprevalence and molecular prevalence.

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“…The sero-prevalence of ST, SF and MT in South-India was found to be 20.4%, 10.4%, and 5.4% respectively 15 . Not many studies have been performed to determine the sero-prevalence of Q Fever among humans in India 16 , 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geography and prevalence of rickettsial infections in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: a cross-sectional study

D’Cruz

Perumalla

Jayaraman

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Rickettsial infections and Q fever are a common cause of acute febrile illness globally. Data on the role of climate and altitude on the prevalence of these infections in lacking from Southern India. In this study, we determined the sero-prevalence of scrub typhus (ST), spotted fever (SF), murine typhus (MT) and Q Fever (QF) in 8 eight geographical regions of North Tamil Nadu by detecting IgG antibodies using ELISA. Totally we tested 2565 people from 86 localities. Among the 27.3% positives, approximately 5% were IgG positive for two or more infections. Sero-prevalence to rickettsioses and Q fever was highest for individuals from rural areas and increased with age (> 30 years). Those in the Nilgiris highlands (wetter and cooler) and Erode, which has the most land under irrigation, demonstrated the least exposure to rickettsioses and Q fever. Lowland plains (AOR: 8.4–22.9; 95% CI 3.1–55.3) and highland areas up to 1000 m (AOR: 6.1–10.3; 95% CI 2.4–23.9) showed the highest risk of exposure to scrub typhus. For spotted fever, the risk of exposure was highest in Jawadhi (AOR:10.8; 95% CI 2.6–44.3) and Kalrayan (AOR:16.6; 95% CI 4.1–66.2). Q fever positivity was most likely to be encountered in Salem (AOR: 5.60; 95% CI 1.01–31.08) and Kalrayan hills (AOR:12.3; 95% CI 2.9–51.6). Murine typhus risk was significant only in Tiruvannamalai (AOR:24.2; 95% CI 3.3–178.6). Our study suggests that prevalence of rickettsial infections and Q fever is low in areas which receive rainfall of ≥ 150 cm/year, with average minimum and maximum temperatures between 15 and 25 °C and elevation in excess of 2000 m. It is also less in well irrigated lowlands with dry climate. These preliminary findings need confirmation by active surveillance in these areas.

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Coxiella burnetii in cattle and their human contacts in a gaushala (cattle shelter) from India and its partial com1 gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis

Cited by 5 publications

References 46 publications

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Cows and Buffaloes in Egypt

Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) in Cows and Buffaloes in Egypt

Prevalence and risk factors of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) in cattle on farms of Limpopo province, South Africa

Geography and prevalence of rickettsial infections in Northern Tamil Nadu, India: a cross-sectional study

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