<i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>and mucosal immunity in neonatal cattle

Wyatt, Carol R.

doi:10.1017/s1466252300000037

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…It appears possible that the immature immune system of the puppies may be insufficient to rapidly eliminate the agent as it can be expected in adult dogs (Pereira et al 2019). The consecutive infection with two different species in one dog might support the thesis of a species-specific protective immune response, as it has been shown in calves for C. parvum, that does not prevent subsequent infection with another species (in this case C. canis) (Wyatt 2000). Although immunity to cryptosporidia is assumingly species-specific in general, data are lacking to support this conclusion for C. parvum and C. canis in dogs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

2022

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Cryptosporidium is an enteric protozoan parasite which is able to cause severe gastrointestinal disease and is distributed all over the world. Since information about the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in German dogs is rare, the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and the potential zoonotic risk emanating from these infected animals. In total, 349 fecal samples of 171 dogs were collected during the dogs’ first year of life. The samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. using PCR, targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA). Further analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium canis positive samples was accomplished using the 60 kDa glycoproteine gene (GP60). Overall, 10.0% (35/349) of the specimens were tested positive for Cryptosporidium. Cryptosporidium canis was found in 94.3% (33/35) of these samples and the zoonotic type C. pavum in 5.7% (2/35). Both C. parvum infections were subtyped as IIaA15G2R1. Sixteen of the C. canis positive samples were successfully amplified at the GP60 gene locus. These isolates were identified to belong to the subtype families XXd, XXe, or XXb; however, 2 samples could not be assigned to any of the described subtype families. Considering the close contact between pets and their owners, dogs may act as a potential source of infection for human cryptosporidiosis. The results of this study, in context with other studies from different countries, provide important further insights into the distribution of Cryptosporidium species in dogs and their zoonotic potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

2022

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“…parvum infected mice excrete fecal antibodies to sporozoite antigens, and IgA isotype antibodies can reduce the severity of infection in neonatal mice (reviewed by Wyatt, 2000). However, HIV-1 infected patients with chronic cryptosporidiosis and low cell counts make serum IgM, IgG, and IgA, and salivary IgA, antibodies to C. parvum, but these antibodies do not clear the infection (Cozon et al 1994).…”

Section: Humoral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cattle, antibody-rich colostrum generated by immunizing cattle with recombinant p23 protects calves against cryptosporidial diarrhea, but does not clear the infection (reviewed by Wyatt, 2000). C. parvum infected calves excrete antibodies to p23 .…”

Section: Humoral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bovine antibodies are regulated by IL-4, while antibodies are regulated by (reviewed by Wyatt, 2000), and calves recovering from cryptosporidial diarrhea have LPL that contain and switched B cells, and express but not IL-4 (Wyatt et al 2001). Thus, calves recovering from cryptosporidiosis have LPL capable of generating an immune response that includes antibodies and…”

Section: Humoral Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Innate and T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Cryptosporidiosis

Wyatt

McDonald²

2004

World Class Parasites

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A variety of innate immune responses may help to control early parasite replication, initiate inflammation and generate signals for T cell activation. Ultimately, elimination of infection involves cells that are of the Th1 (cell-mediated immunity) phenotype, but there may be a protective role for lymphocytes of the Th2 type (antibody-dependent responses). Intraepithelial lymphocytes have increased activity as a result of infection and may be important in the anti-cryptosporidial immune response.

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“…In addition to being a cause of life-threatening disease in immunodeficient people, mostly AIDS patients, C. parvum has been reported as a common serious primary cause of outbreaks of diarrhea, especially in newborn ruminants, resulting in significant economic losses (De Graaf et al 1999).The main clinical signs in newborn ruminants are depression, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, retarded growth during the first weeks of life, and high mortality rate (Fayer 1997). It is known that newborn and young calves are more susceptible than adults (Wyatt 2000). The animals are mostly infected with C. parvum between day 4 and the third week of age (Pohlenz et al 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum p23 as a target for the detection of Cryptosporidium-specific antibody in calf sera

et al. 2008

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Cryptosporidium parvum is a widely distributed coccidian parasite and causes enteric disease in humans and animals. In addition to being a cause of life-threatening disease in immunodeficient people, mostly AIDS patients, C. parvum has been reported as a common serious primary cause of outbreaks of diarrhea in newborn calves, especially newborn ruminants (De Graaf et al. in Int J Parasitol 29:1269-1287, 1999). To obtain the recombinant P23 protein, we isolated the mRNA from oocyst of C. parvum and amplified the cDNA of P23 gene by reverse transcriptase PCR. Sequencing of cDNA showed 100% homology to the known P23 sequences. The double strand P23-cDNA was then cloned in pGEX-5X-2 expression vector. Western blot analysis of recombinant P23 showed that it could be recognized by the positive C. parvum serum. Since P23 is an immunodominant surface glycoprotein expressed in the early phase of infection (Jakobi and Petry in Microbes Infect 8:2186-2194, 2006) and the immunogenic epitopes are also found in the residual chain of amino acid sequence of this glycoprotein, the recombinant P23 was used for the screening of 437 serum samples collected from calves (#264) and cattle (#173). The dot blot analysis showed that from 264 calf and 173 cattle sera, 33% and 37% sera were positive, respectively. Due to the simple handling and equipment, dot blot analysis with P23 could be recommended for calves screening against cryptosporidiosis.

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Cryptosporidium parvumand mucosal immunity in neonatal cattle

Cited by 8 publications

References 71 publications

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

Cryptosporidium infection in young dogs from Germany

Innate and T Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Cryptosporidiosis

Recombinant Cryptosporidium parvum p23 as a target for the detection of Cryptosporidium-specific antibody in calf sera

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