<i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i> causing branch dieback and canker of black walnut in China

Apple canker has decreased yields of the economically important apple (Malus domestica Borch) crop in China in recent years. Pathogen identity is highly challenging and the disease is poorly understood. Specimens of 339 fungi were isolated from apple trees in the primary apple-producing region in the Tarim Basin during the current study. A total of 9 species of Cytospora and 5 species of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified by morphological observation and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses (ITS, ACT, TEF, and TUB for Cytospora; ITS, TEF, and TUB for Botryosphaeriaceae). Cytospora pyri from the Cytospora genus was the dominant species causing apple canker in the Tarim Basin. Cytospora melnikii, Cytospora tritici, Cytospora euonymina, Diplodia seriata, and Botryosphaeria dothidea have been described as the cause of apple canker in China. Apple (Red Fuji) branches were utilized to assess the pathogenicity of 24 representative fungal isolates from the 14 species and branches from seven distinct woody plants, Korla pear, walnut, Chinese date, Xinjiang poplar, sand jujube, Populus euphratica, and willow, were utilized to analyze the host range. The main pathogenic fungal species of apple canker around the Tarim Basin were identified and biological characteristics explored. Pathogen diversity and regional source diversity were assessed with host range and pathogenicity. The aim was to provide a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of apple canker.

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Identification of Fungal Species Associated with Apple Canker in Tarim Basin, China

Sha

Wang

Yan

et al. 2023

Plant Disease

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Heart Rot Disease of Walnut Caused by Nothophoma juglandis sp. nov. and Its Endophytic Biocontrol Agent

Zhao,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Plant Disease

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English walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an economically important hardwood tree species cultivated worldwide. Walnut heart rot disease leading to heartwood decay of trees has been frequently observed in a number of plantations in China. To identify the causal agent, 29 diseased stem samples were collected from walnut plantations in Beijing, and 54 fungal isolates were obtained. Koch’s postulates were developed, and the results indicated that Nothophoma juglandis, a species new to science, was the causal agent of walnut heart rot disease. Granulobasidium vellereum, a notable biocontrol agent, was co-isolated with N. juglandis. Antagonistic assay on dual culture and walnut stems (both in field and detached branches) proved that G. vellereum acted as a potential biocontrol agent against N. juglandis, as it could significantly inhibiting the expansion of N. juglandis. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth and pathogenicity of N. juglandis were 26.6 °C and 27.0 °C, respectively, temperatures that frequently occur in the summer of the walnut growing regions in China.

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Cytospora chrysosperma causing branch dieback and canker of black walnut in China

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Identification of Fungal Species Associated with Apple Canker in Tarim Basin, China

Identification of Fungal Species Associated with Apple Canker in Tarim Basin, China

Heart Rot Disease of Walnut Caused by Nothophoma juglandis sp. nov. and Its Endophytic Biocontrol Agent

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