<i>Dactylodinium arachnoides sp. nov</i>. (Borghiellaceae, Dinophyceae): a new marine dinoflagellate with a loop-shaped apical structure complex and tubular membranous extrusomes

Lum, Wai Mun; Takahashi, Kazuya; Benico, Garry; Takayama, Haruyoshi; Iwataki, Mitsunori

doi:10.1080/00318884.2019.1658399

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In K. azanzae , the anterior end of ventral ridge is directly connected to the peduncle. This arrangement was reported also from the large peduncle bearing dinoflagellate, Dactylodinium (Takahashi et al 2017, Lum et al 2019). This may suggest that ventral ridge is a common structure in unarmored dinoflagellates, and probably related to the peduncle function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…This is similar to the fiber identified as the ventral ridge in Amphidinium (Dodge and Crawford 1968, Roberts et al 1988). The same structure, an intercingular tube‐like protruded structure, has been reported from Gertia, Karenia, Karenia , Karlodinium , Takayama , and Asterodinium (Steidinger et al 1998, de Salas et al 2003, 2005a, 2008, Haywood et al 2004, Gu et al 2013, Nézan et al 2014, Li and Shin 2018, Luo et al 2018, Benico et al 2019a, Takahashi et al 2019). In K. azanzae , the anterior end of ventral ridge is directly connected to the peduncle.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

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The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹

Benico

Takahashi

Lum

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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In all, 26 cultures of the harmful marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium, isolated from Japanese and Philippine coastal waters, were examined using LM, SEM, and molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA. Seven Karlodinium species (six from Japan and four from Philippines), K. australe, K. ballantinum, K. decipiens, K. gentienii, K. veneficum, K. zhouanum, and a novel species Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov., were identified based on their morphology and phylogenetic positions. Karlodinium azanzae from Manila Bay, Philippines was further characterized by TEM, HPLC (chloroplast pigment), and bioassay on brine shrimp and other marine zooplankton. Cells of K. azanzae were the largest (mean 25.3 µm long) in Karlodinium, possessed numerous tiny reflective particles, starch grains, and lipid granules, and usually swam at the bottom of the culture vessel. The straight apical structure complex and a ventral pore were common to the genus. The longitudinally elongated nucleus was located at the center, and the yellowish chloroplasts contained an embedded pyrenoid and carotenoid pigments typical of the genus (i.e., fucoxanthin as major carotenoid with its derivatives). TEM revealed a part of the flagellar apparatus, of which the long striated ventral connective is the first report in the Kareniaceae. Phylogenetic trees showed closest affinity of K. azanzae with K. australe and K. armiger. The new species could be differentiated from related species by cell size, position of the nucleus, and characteristic swimming behavior. Lethality of K. azanzae to large zooplankton and micropredation using a developed peduncle was also observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹

Benico

Takahashi

Lum

et al. 2020

Journal of Phycology

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“…2015; Lum et al . 2019). Reactions were done in a GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxigenic strains of Azadinium poporum (Amphidomataceae, Dinophyceae) from Japan and Vietnam, with first reports of A. poporum (ribotype A) and A. trinitatum in Asian Pacific

Takahashi

Lum

Benico

et al. 2021

Phycological Research

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SUMMARY Morphology and phylogeny of small armored dinoflagellate Azadinium species isolated from Japanese and Vietnamese coasts were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogeny inferred from ITS and LSU rDNA (D1–D3) sequences. Dominant azaspiracids (AZAs) were analyzed by using liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC/MS/MS). Sixteen and four culture strains were established from Japan and Vietnam, respectively. A phylogenetic tree confirmed our species identifications of Japanese cultures as Azadinium poporum (ribotypes A, B and C), A. trinitatum and A. zhuanum, and Vietnamese cultures as A. poporum (ribotype B). Typical cells of A. poporum had the thecal tabulation of Po, cp, X, 4′, 3a, 6″, 6C, 5S, 6″′, 2″″, A. trinitatum had Po, cp, X, 4–5′, 3a, 6–7″, 6C, 5S, 5–6″′, 2″″ and A. zhuanum had Po, cp, X, 3–4′, 2a, 6″, 6C, 5S, 6″′, 2″″. Cellular morphology of the three species were congruent with those in the original reports, in terms of the presence/absence of antapical spine and the position of the ventral pore, nucleus and pyrenoids, although small differences were also found in the nucleus position of A. trinitatum and A. zhuanum. AZA‐2 was the dominant component in Japanese A. poporum (ribotypes A, B and C), and AZA‐40 in Vietnamese A. poporum (ribotype B). AZA‐2 and AZA‐40 were not detected in Vietnamese and Japanese A. poporum, respectively. AZA analogs were not detected from A. trinitatum and A. zhuanum. This is the first report of the toxigenic A. poporum from Japan and Vietnam, with identifications of the major AZAs. The ribotype A of A. poporum and A. trinitatum were the first records in Asia.

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“…There are additional eyespot-containing dinoflagellates whose galactolipid composition has not previously been analyzed, but future research aiming to do so will further contribute to the understanding of the relationship between galactolipids and eyespots. These species as according to eyespot type include: type A, Caladoa arcachonensis Z. Luo, K. N. Mertens & H. F. Gu (Luo et al 2019), Dactylodinium arachnoides W. M. Lum, K. Takahashi, Takayama & Iwataki (Lum et al 2019), Chimono-Hansen and Daugbjerg (type B), J. applanata and T. coronata (type C), and Pro. simplex, S. microadriaticum, and W. halophila (type E).…”

Section: Euglenophyceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Plastid-associated galactolipid composition in eyespot-containing dinoflagellates: a review

Graeff¹,

Elkins²,

Leblond³

2021

ALGAE

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Relative to the large number of photosynthetic dinoflagellate species, only a select few possess proteinaceous, carotenoid-rich eyespots which have been demonstrated in other algae to act in phototactic responses. The proteins comprising the different categories of dinoflagellate eyespots are positioned in or near the peridinin-containing photosynthetic plastid membranes which are composed primarily of two galactolipids, mono-and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG and DGDG). Within eyespot-containing dinoflagellates, this arrangement occurs mostly in those with secondary plastids, although some dinoflagellates with tertiary plastids of diatom origin are known to possess eyespots. We here provide an examination of the MGDG and DGDG composition of eyespot-containing dinoflagellates with secondary, peridinin-containing plastids and tertiary plastids of diatom origin to address the fundamental question of whether eyespots and their component proteins and carotenoids are associated with alterations in galactolipid composition when compared to eyespot-lacking photosynthetic dinoflagellates. This is an important question because the dinoflagellate eyespot-plastid membrane system can be considered a more complicated and evolved state of plastid development. Included in this examination are data on the previously unexamined peridinin-and type A eyespot-containing dinoflagellate Margalefidinium polykrikoides, and the type D eyespot-containing, aberrant plastid "dinotom" Durinskia baltica. In addition, we have reviewed the galactolipid composition of algae from the Chlorophyceae, Cryptophyceae, and Euglenophyceae as a comparison to determine if algal classes apart from the Dinophyceae contain altered galactolipids in association with eyespots. We conclude that the presence of an eyespot in dinoflagellates and other algae is not associated with noticeable changes in galactolipid composition.

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Dactylodinium arachnoides sp. nov. (Borghiellaceae, Dinophyceae): a new marine dinoflagellate with a loop-shaped apical structure complex and tubular membranous extrusomes

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹

Toxigenic strains of Azadinium poporum (Amphidomataceae, Dinophyceae) from Japan and Vietnam, with first reports of A. poporum (ribotype A) and A. trinitatum in Asian Pacific

Plastid-associated galactolipid composition in eyespot-containing dinoflagellates: a review

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Dactylodinium arachnoides sp. nov. (Borghiellaceae, Dinophyceae): a new marine dinoflagellate with a loop-shaped apical structure complex and tubular membranous extrusomes

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)1

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)1

Toxigenic strains of Azadinium poporum (Amphidomataceae, Dinophyceae) from Japan and Vietnam, with first reports of A. poporum (ribotype A) and A. trinitatum in Asian Pacific

Plastid-associated galactolipid composition in eyespot-containing dinoflagellates: a review

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The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹

The Harmful Unarmored Dinoflagellate Karlodinium in Japan and Philippines, with Reference to Ultrastructure and Micropredation of Karlodinium azanzae sp. nov. (Kareniaceae, Dinophyceae)¹