<i>Direct Examination of the Sympathetic Outflows in Man</i>

Randall, Walter C.; Cox, J. W.; Alexander, William F.; Coldwater, K. B.; Hertzman, Alrick B.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1955.7.6.688

Cited by 15 publications

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“…The lower limit of the outflow could not be defined by this method. The level of outflow for the foot vasomotor fibres which respond to excitation of the central mechanism is higher than the level for foot sudomotor activity found by electrical stimulation of the pre-ganglionic trunks (Randall et al 1955) and is in fair agreement with histological studies (Sheehan, 1941). SUMMARY 1.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Reports on the spinal level of the sympathetic nerve supply to the foot are scanty and equivocal. Randall, Cox, Alexander, Coldwater & Hertzman (1955) have obtained some evidence by direct stimulation of preganglionic fibres during the operation of lumbar sympathectomy in man under spinal anaesthesia.It was considered that a study of the foot blood flow responses to raising body temperature in a series of patients with complete lesions of the spinal cord at various levels would provide evidence of the level of vasomotor outflow to the foot in the conscious subject. The vasomotor impulses concerned would be those derived from neurones whose activity is modified by thermal change.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Vasomotor responses in the foot to raising body temperature in the paraplegic patient

Cooper¹,

Ferres²,

Guttmann³

1957

The Journal of Physiology

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Studies have been made by a number of workers on the level of the outflow from the spinal cord, of vasomotor nerves to the hind limbs in the dog (Bayliss & Bradford, 1894), and in the monkey (Geogehan, Wolf, Adair, Hare & Hinsey, 1941 It was considered that a study of the foot blood flow responses to raising body temperature in a series of patients with complete lesions of the spinal cord at various levels would provide evidence of the level of vasomotor outflow to the foot in the conscious subject. The vasomotor impulses concerned would be those derived from neurones whose activity is modified by thermal change. The level of outflow thus determined would not necessarily be identical with that demonstrated by direct stimulation of the pre-or post-ganglionic trunks, or with that deduced from histological surveys of the sympathetic efferent pathways.At the same time it was possible to determine whether the impulses arising from the isolated cord could be modified by changes in temperature which were larger than the increments in temperature known to affect the central temperature regulating mechanism. METHODSSubject&. The subjects were twenty-one paraplegic patients of both sexes at the National Spinal Injuries Centre, who were free from active infections of the urinary tract or other disorders, such as bedsores. Nineteen had complete lesions of the spinal cord at levels ranging from C5 to L2, and two cauda equina lesions below L3-5 and L4 respectively. The lesions were the result of

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 99%