<i>Ehrlichia muris</i> in <i>Ixodes cookei</i> Ticks, Northeastern United States, 2016–2017

Xu, Gaochao; Pearson, Patrick; Rich, Stephen M.

doi:10.3201/eid2406.171755

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is presumed due to their respective tick vector presence in the country, i.e. Dermacentor variabilis ( E. canis ) [28, 29] and I. scapularis , I. cookei (EMLA) [30, 31]. However, D. variabilis has only been shown to be experimentally infected with E. canis , so its role in natural infection and exposure in dogs is unclear [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The change in prevalence for Ehrlichia spp. noted in Ontario and Quebec may be due to the presence of I. scapularis- and I. cookei -transmitted E. muris -like agent (EMLA), which has been documented in the adjacent mid-western USA region [30, 31, 33], E. canis or potentially due to E. ewingii vectored by emerging tick species. However, as neither R. sanguineus or A. americanum have been documented in Canada as established tick species [4] they would appear unlikely as vectors of Ehrlichia spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Canadian dogs, 2008 to 2015: a repeat cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundVector-borne pathogens are emerging concerns in multiple regions of Canada. Determining regional prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens and documenting change will improve clinician awareness, enable targeted prevention, enhance diagnosis and ideally reduce the risk of disease. Study objectives were to: (i) estimate the prevalence of positive canine vector-borne test results from samples submitted in Canada; (ii) assess change in prevalence over time, from baseline (2008) to 2015; and (iii) estimate the prevalence of pathogen co-infections.MethodsThis repeat cross-sectional study evaluated 753,468 test results for D. immitis antigen and B. burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis/ewingii/muris serology, and 753,208 test results for Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys serology using the SNAP® 4Dx®Test and SNAP 4Dx® Plus Test.ResultsBased on all submitted samples from Canada (2008–2015), the period seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi, Ehrlichia spp., Anaplasma spp. and D. immitis antigen were 2.0%, 0.5%, 0.4% and 0.2%, respectively. Over the 7 years (2008 compared to 2015) we observed a significant increase in seroprevalence for B. burgdorferi (144.4%) and Ehrlichia spp. (150%). Co-infections (positive for two or more pathogens on a single 4 pathogen test kit) were estimated at 5.4% (1162/21,612) of total positive tests.ConclusionsThe temporal rise and geographical differences in prevalence detected for these pathogens (notably B. burgdorferi) are consistent with anecdotal information on canine illness related to tick-borne pathogen exposure in multiple regions of Canada, particularly canine Lyme disease.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3299-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Canadian dogs, 2008 to 2015: a repeat cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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“…I. cookei as “groundhog ticks”) based on lack of encounter may result in ignoring a potentially epidemiologically important vector (e.g. I. cookei is a vector of Powassan encephalitis virus and may potentially be another vector of Ehrlichia muris [36]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 117-year retrospective analysis of Pennsylvania tick community dynamics

2019

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Background Tick-borne diseases have been increasing at the local, national, and global levels. Researchers studying ticks and tick-borne diseases need a thorough knowledge of the pathogens, vectors, and epidemiology of disease spread. Both active and passive surveillance approaches are typically used to estimate tick population size and risk of tick encounter. Our data consists of a composite of active and long-term passive surveillance, which has provided insight into spatial variability and temporal dynamics of ectoparasite communities and identified rarer tick species. We present a retrospective analysis on compiled data of ticks from Pennsylvania over the last 117 years. Methods We compiled data from ticks collected during tick surveillance research, and from citizen-based submissions. The majority of the specimens were submitted by citizens. However, a subset of the data was collected through active methods (flagging or dragging, or removal of ticks from wildlife). We analyzed all data from 1900–2017 for tick community composition, host associations, and spatio-temporal dynamics. Results In total there were 4491 submission lots consisting of 7132 tick specimens. Twenty-four different species were identified, with the large proportion of submissions represented by five tick species. We observed a shift in tick community composition in which the dominant species of tick ( Ixodes cookei ) was overtaken in abundance by Dermacentor variabilis in the early 1990s and then replaced in abundance by I. scapularis . We analyzed host data and identified overlaps in host range amongst tick species. Conclusions We highlight the importance of long-term passive tick surveillance in investigating the ecology of both common and rare tick species. Information on the geographical distribution, host-association, and seasonality of the tick community can help researchers and health-officials to identify high-risk areas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-019-3451-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The surveillance of human-biting ticks and associated pathogens is already being conducted in several labs to provide customized, individual risk assessment of pathogen exposure (Xu, Mather, Hollingsworth, & Rich, 2016;Xu, Pearson, Dykstra, Andrews, & Rich, 2019;Xu, Pearson, & Rich, 2018).…”

Section: Rationalementioning

confidence: 99%

Dogs, diseases, and data A One Health success story

2021

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Ehrlichia muris in Ixodes cookei Ticks, Northeastern United States, 2016–2017

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Canadian dogs, 2008 to 2015: a repeat cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Dirofilaria immitis in Canadian dogs, 2008 to 2015: a repeat cross-sectional study

A 117-year retrospective analysis of Pennsylvania tick community dynamics

Dogs, diseases, and data A One Health success story

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