<i>emm</i> Typing and Validation of Provisional M Types for Group A Streptococci1

Facklam, Richard R.; Beall, Bernard; Efstratiou, Androulla; Fischetti, V A; Johnson, Dwight R.; Kaplan, Edward L.; Kriz, Paula; Lovgren, Marguerite; Martin, Diana; Schwartz, Benjamin; Тотолян, А.; Bessen, Debra E.; Hollingshead, Susan K.; Rubin, Fran A.; Scott, June R.; Tyrrell, Gregory J.

doi:10.3201/eid0502.990209

Cited by 175 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This was historically accomplished by serological analysis of a purified M protein fragment, 15 a technique recently replaced by sequence analysis targeting the fragment of the emm gene that codes for the primary antigenic region of M protein (emm typing). 17 The two methods, serological and genetic, are extremely well correlated. Standardized reference databases of emm sequences from both previously recognized M types and novel emm alleles have been established to allow rapid and unambiguous translation of emm sequence data into M type information, and to allow the identification and description of novel emm types.…”

Section: Protein As a Virulence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Standardized reference databases of emm sequences from both previously recognized M types and novel emm alleles have been established to allow rapid and unambiguous translation of emm sequence data into M type information, and to allow the identification and description of novel emm types. 17 As these two techniques differ primarily in the method of data collection rather than the resulting identifications, we will refer to them collectively in this review as "M typing." Figure 1.…”

Section: Protein As a Virulence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker

Metzgar

Zampolli

2011

Virulence

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Section: Protein As a Virulence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Protein As a Virulence Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker

Metzgar

Zampolli

2011

Virulence

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“…The emm typing of isolates in cases of recurrence were also determined as described (11). The fi rst 160 bases sequenced by emmseq2 that had >95% identity were defi ned as having the same genotype (11).…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteremia Caused by Group G Streptococci, Taiwan

Liao

Liu

Huang

et al. 2008

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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A retrospective observational study in Taiwan, 1998–2004, identified 92 patients with group G streptococcal bacteremia; 86 had Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis . The most common diagnosis was cellulitis (48 cases), followed by primary bacteremia (34 cases). Infection recurred in 9 patients. Mortality rate was low (3.3%); resistance to quinupristin-dalfopristin was high.

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“…Over 120 serotypes have been identified (13,30), which makes it difficult to find conserved epitopes that could be used to elicit cross-serotype protection. The CRR of M protein is one such epitope (2,5,15,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucosal Vaccine Made from Live, RecombinantLactococcus lactisProtects Mice against Pharyngeal Infection withStreptococcus pyogenes

2004

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A novel vaccine (LL-CRR) made from live, nonpathogenic Lactococcus lactis that expresses the conserved C-repeat region (CRR) of M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes serotype 6 was tested in mice. Nasally vaccinated mice produced CRR-specific salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG. Subcutaneously vaccinated mice produced CRR-specific serum IgG but not salivary IgA. A combined regimen produced responses similar to the salivary IgA of nasally vaccinated mice and serum IgG of subcutaneously vaccinated mice. Mice vaccinated nasally or with the combined regimen were significantly protected against pharyngeal infection following a nasal challenge with S. pyogenes M serotype 14. Mice vaccinated subcutaneously were not protected against pharyngeal infection. Mice in all three LL-CRR vaccination groups were significantly protected against the lethal effects of S. pyogenes. Only 1 of 77 challenged mice that were vaccinated with LL-CRR died, whereas 60 of 118 challenged mice that were vaccinated with a control strain or phosphatebuffered saline died. In conclusion, mucosal vaccination with LL-CRR produced CRR-specific salivary IgA and serum IgG, prevented pharyngeal infection with S. pyogenes, and promoted survival.

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emm Typing and Validation of Provisional M Types for Group A Streptococci1

Cited by 175 publications

References 16 publications

The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker

The M protein of group A Streptococcus is a key virulence factor and a clinically relevant strain identification marker

Bacteremia Caused by Group G Streptococci, Taiwan

Mucosal Vaccine Made from Live, RecombinantLactococcus lactisProtects Mice against Pharyngeal Infection withStreptococcus pyogenes

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