<i>Entamoeba gingivalis</i> Exerts Severe Pathogenic Effects on the Oral Mucosa

Bao, Xiaoqiong; Weiner, January; Meckes, O.; Dommisch, Henrik; Schäefer, Arne S.

doi:10.1177/00220345211004498

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In the present study, the levels of cytokines in GCF were expressed as the total amount per 30s of sampling time, as previously described (Ye et al, 2020;Arvikar et al, 2021). Previous in vitro studies showed that the expression of the neutrophil chemokine IL8 gene, as well as that of IL1b and TNF, was significantly increased in E. gingivalis-infected gingival epithelial cells (Bao et al, 2020;Bao et al, 2021). Similar results were revealed from our GCF data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Once attached to the gingival epithelial cells, E. gingivalis could form long cylindrical structures which termed digipodia, extending into the cytoplasma. Through the digipodia, E. gingivalis might secrete material into the target cell or ingest material from the target cell (Bao et al, 2021). Besides direct destruction and invasion in periodontal tissues, the immune response and subgingival microbial dysbiosis induced by E. gingivalis could also be its potential pathogenic mechanism in periodontal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latest in vitro study revealed that E. gingivalis could invade the inflamed and wounded oral mucosa and further ingest live host cells, thereby showing strong virulence potential (Bao et al, 2020). Further research showed differential expression of genes in E. gingivalis-infected gingival epithelial and fibroblast cells, and described different behavior patterns of E. gingivalis on the gingival epithelial layer (Bao et al, 2021). These findings indicated that E. gingivalis may be an important pathogen in periodontal tissue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Entamoeba gingivalis is associated with periodontal conditions in Chinese young patients: A cross-sectional study

Jiao

Bie²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence and relative abundance of Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) in Chinese young patients with different periodontal conditions, and its association with subgingival microbial composition, periodontal parameters, and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid.MethodsParticipants (age: 18–45 years) diagnosed with stage II–IV periodontitis, gingivitis, or periodontal health underwent periodontal examination and sampling. Subgingival plaque was analyzed by 16S+18S sequencing for E. gingivalis detection and microbial analysis. The distribution of E. gingivalis in subgingival plaque was illustrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by multiplexed flow cytometric assay.ResultsThis cross-sectional study included 120 sites from 60 participants. The prevalence and relative abundance of E. gingivalis were significantly increased in periodontitis (p<0.05). The sites were classified into three subgroups according to the relative abundance of E. gingivalis: negative group (Eg0, n=56); low-abundance group (Eg1, n=32); and high-abundance group (Eg2, n=32). The subgingival microflora in the subgroups showed stepwise changes at both the phylum and genus levels. The microflora compositions were significantly altered from Eg0 to Eg2 (p<0.001). Co-occurrence network analysis showed that Porphyromonas, Treponema, Tannerella, Filifactor, TG5, and Desulfobulbus were highly correlated with E. gingivalis (r>0.6, p<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that E. gingivalis was closely associated with important periodontal parameters and cytokines (p<0.01).ConclusionE. gingivalis was enriched in periodontitis and closely associated with subgingival microbial dysbiosis, periodontal parameters and cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid. Thus, it may be an important pathogen in periodontal disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Entamoeba gingivalis is associated with periodontal conditions in Chinese young patients: A cross-sectional study

Jiao

Bie²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Our finding that the human oral protist E. gingivalis is the host of redondoviruses explains their statistical association to periodontitis, since E. gingivalis is also strongly linked to gum disease, possibly causally ( Bao et al. 2020 , 2021 ; Badri et al. 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Host prediction for disease-associated gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses

et al. 2022

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Metagenomic techniques have facilitated the discovery of thousands of viruses, yet because samples are often highly biodiverse, fundamental data on the specific cellular hosts are usually missing. Numerous gastrointestinal viruses linked to human or animal diseases are affected by this, preventing research into their medical or veterinary importance. Here, we developed a computational workflow for the prediction of viral hosts from complex metagenomic datasets. We applied it to seven lineages of gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses using 1,124 metagenomic datasets, predicting hosts of four lineages. The Redondoviridae, strongly associated to human gum disease (periodontitis), were predicted to infect Entamoeba gingivalis, an oral pathogen itself involved in periodontitis. The Kirkoviridae, originally linked to fatal equine disease, were predicted to infect a variety of parabasalid protists, including Dientamoeba fragilis in humans. Two viral lineages observed in human diarrhoeal disease (CRESSV1 and CRESSV19, i.e. pecoviruses and hudisaviruses) were predicted to infect Blastocystis spp. and Endolimax nana respectively, protists responsible for millions of annual human infections. Our prediction approach is adaptable to any virus lineage and requires neither training datasets nor host genome assemblies. Two host predictions (for the Kirkoviridae and CRESSV1 lineages) could be independently confirmed as virus–host relationships using endogenous viral elements identified inside host genomes, while a further prediction (for the Redondoviridae) was strongly supported as a virus–host relationship using a case–control screening experiment of human oral plaques.

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“…Similarly to infection of colon epithelium with E.h ., infection of oral epithelial cells with E.g . causes significant induction of proinflammatory cytokine signaling cascades, leading to >1500 fold increased expression of interleukin-8 [9], [7, 10], which is the major cytokine for attraction and activation of neutrophils in inflammatory regions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The common oral parasitic protozoanEntamoeba gingivalisforms cysts in response to antibiotic treatment

Becker

Adam

Dommisch

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The eukaryotic protozoan Entamoeba gingivalis (E.g.) is strongly associated with inflamed periodontal pockets. Unlike other obligate anaerobic Entamoeba species, it is considered to not have a life cycle of actively dividing trophozoites and dormant cysts. Accordingly, it has been regarded as non-infectious. To investigate if E.g is capable of encystation in response to adverse environmental conditions, we cultivated clinical isolates of E.g. collected from inflamed periodontal pockets in antibiotics for 8 days. The cytomorphological and ultrastructure forms of the amoeba were investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy to reveal cyst formation. We observed exocysts and the encapsulated trophozoids separated by an intra-cystic space, a dense poorly vesiculated cytoplasma and polygonal surface areas of cysts. The cysts walls were composed of chitin. Cysts were conspicuously smaller compared to trophozoids and lacked pseudo- and filipodia. We did not observe multi-nucleated trophozoids after antibiotic induces encystation. Cyst formation in E.g may explain why established treatment approaches often do not stop periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis and periimplantitis.

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Entamoeba gingivalis Exerts Severe Pathogenic Effects on the Oral Mucosa

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Entamoeba gingivalis is associated with periodontal conditions in Chinese young patients: A cross-sectional study

Entamoeba gingivalis is associated with periodontal conditions in Chinese young patients: A cross-sectional study

Host prediction for disease-associated gastrointestinal cressdnaviruses

The common oral parasitic protozoanEntamoeba gingivalisforms cysts in response to antibiotic treatment

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