Enterocytozoon bieneusi
 (Microsporidia): Identification of novel genotypes and evidence of transmission between sympatric wild boars (
 Sus scrofa ferus
 ) and Iberian pigs (
 Sus scrofa domesticus
 ) in Southern Spain

Dashti, Alejandro; Rivero‐Juárez, Antonio; Santı́n, Mónica; López‐López, Pedro; Caballero‐Gómez, Javier; Frías‐Casas, Mario; Köster, Pamela C.; Bailo, Begoña; Calero‐Bernal, Rafael; Briz, Verónica; Carmena, David

doi:10.1111/tbed.13658

Cited by 23 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Another indication of transmission of pathogens between sympatric free-ranging pigs and wild boar sharing the same habitat and food and water resources was reported by Dashti et al (2020). The authors examined 186 extensively farmed, free-ranging Iberian pigs and 142 wild boar sharing the same feeding areas in Cordoba province in Spain for Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR.…”

Section: Infectious Diseases Associated With Outdoor Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever and outdoor farming of pigs

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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This opinion describes outdoor farming of pigs in the EU, assesses the risk of African swine fewer (ASF) introduction and spread associated with outdoor pig farms and proposes biosecurity and control measures for outdoor pig farms in ASF‐affected areas of the EU. Evidence was collected from Member States (MSs) veterinary authorities, farmers’ associations, literature and legislative documents. An Expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) was carried out to group outdoor pig farms according to their risk of introduction and spread of ASF, to rank biosecurity measures regarding their effectiveness with regard to ASF and propose improvements of biosecurity for outdoor pig farming and accompanying control measures. Outdoor pig farming is common and various farm types are present throughout the EU. As there is no legislation at European level for categorising outdoor pig farms in the EU, information is limited, not harmonised and needs to be interpreted with care. The baseline risk of outdoor pig farms for ASFV introduction and its spread is high but with considerable uncertainty. The Panel is 66–90% certain that, if single solid or double fences were fully and properly implemented on all outdoor pig farms in areas of the EU where ASF is present in wild boar and in domestic pigs in indoor farms and outdoor farms (worst case scenario not considering different restriction zones or particular situations), without requiring any other outdoor‐specific biosecurity measures or control measures, this would reduce the number of new ASF outbreaks occurring in these farms within a year by more than 50% compared to the baseline risk. The Panel concludes that the regular implementation of independent and objective on‐farm biosecurity assessments using comprehensive standard protocols and approving outdoor pig farms on the basis of their biosecurity risk in an official system managed by competent authorities will further reduce the risk of ASF introduction and spread related to outdoor pig farms.

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Section: Infectious Diseases Associated With Outdoor Farmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

African swine fever and outdoor farming of pigs

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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“…have been previously described in porcine populations in the country thus far (Dashti et al, 2020;Galván et al, 2014). Therefore, this study represents the first description of genotypes EbpC and EbpD in this host in Spain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…bieneusi was more prevalently found in intensively (6−13%) than in extensively (<1%) raised pigs. These figures are lower than those (21−23%) reported by PCR in other Spanish pig populations in the autonomous regions of Andalusia (Dashti et al, 2020) and Extremadura and Castile-Leon (Galván-Díaz et al, 2014). Higher E. bieneusi prevalence rates have been consistently documented in porcine populations in the Czech Republic (94%, Sak et al, 2008), Germany (10%−32%, Dengjel et al, 2001;Reetz et al, 2009), Slovakia (19%, Valenčáková & Danišová, 2019 and Switzerland (35%, Breitenmoser et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Groups 1 and 2 include zoonotic genotypes that have been identified in humans and animals, whereas Groups 3‒11 contain host‐adapted genotypes (Li et al., 2019). In pigs, at least 139 genotypes have been described worldwide, of which D, EbpA, EbpC, G, H, and O are the most prevalent (reviewed by Dashti et al., 2020; Li et al., 2019). Most of the genotypes found in pigs have been reported in humans, suggesting pigs are a reservoir of zoonotic genotypes and may play a key role in the transmission of E. bieneusi to humans (Li et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diarrhoea‐causing enteric protist species in intensively and extensively raised pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) in Southern Spain. Part I: Prevalence and genetic diversity

Dashti

Rivero‐Juárez

Santı́n

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

Self Cite

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Numerous protist species are shared between humans and pigs. Among those, Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp. and Balantioides coli have a clear public and animal health significance. For others such as Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Blastocystis sp., their impact on animal health has not been fully established. Little information is currently available on the molecular diversity of these protists in swine populations. To fill this gap, we molecularly assessed G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., B. coli, Blastocystis sp. and E. bieneusi in faecal samples from Iberian and Large White pigs raised under different (intensive and/or extensive) management systems in southern Spain. A total of 151 extensively raised Iberian pigs, 140 intensively raised Iberian pigs, and 184 intensively raised Large White pigs were investigated. Blastocystis sp. was the agent most prevalently found (47.8%), followed by B. coli (45.5%), G. duodenalis (10.7%), E. bieneusi (6.9%), and Cryptosporidium spp. (5.5%). Blastocystis sp. was significantly less prevalent in intensively raised Iberian pigs (22.9%) than in their extensively raised counterparts (51.0%) or in intensively raised Large White pigs (64.1%). A significantly higher prevalence was found for G. duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp., and E. bieneusi in Large White pigs than Iberian pigs. Balantioides coli was similarly distributed (40.0–51.1%) in all three investigated swine populations. Sequence analyses revealed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage E, two Cryptosporidium species (Cryptosporidium scrofarum and Cryptosporidium suis), B. coli (genotypes A and B), Blastocystis sp. (ST1, ST3, and ST5), and E. bieneusi (EbpA, EbpC, EbpD, O, and a novel genotype named PigSpEb2). Novel genotype PigSpEb2 was found alone or in combination with EbpA. Data suggest a widespread exposure to protist enteroparasites in domestic pig populations irrespectively of breed and raising management system. Many of the species/genotypes identified have a zoonotic potential and might represent a public health concern.

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“…Zoonotic intestinal parasitic genera taking a toll on both human and animal health include Giardia and Cryptosporidium [1]. Meanwhile, a few others can be observed with varying frequency in both humans and larger mammals, such as pigs, including Enterocytozoon, Balantioides, Blastocystis, Dientamoeba, and Entamoeba [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], the public health and animal health significance and epidemiology of which remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR

et al. 2021

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Several parasite species are shared between humans and pigs. We explored the application of next-generation sequencing-based metabarcoding supplemented with real-time PCR to fecal DNAs from 259 samples from 116 pigs in Denmark to detect and differentiate single-celled intestinal parasites of zoonotic relevance. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Balantioides coli, and Giardia duodenalis were observed in 34/37 (92%), 148/259 (57%), and 86/259 (33%) samples, respectively. Entamoeba polecki ST1, E. polecki ST3, and Entamoeba hartmanni were detected in 104/259 (40%), 161/259 (62%), and 8/259 (3%) samples, respectively. Metabarcoding and real-time PCR detected Cryptosporidium in 90/259 (35%) and 239/259 (92%) of the samples, respectively, with Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum observed in nearly equal proportions. Blastocystis subtypes 1, 3, 5, and 15 were found in 72 (28%), 6 (2%), 176 (68%), and 36 (14%) of 259 samples, respectively. Iodamoeba was identified in 1/259 samples (<1%), while none of 37 tested samples was positive for Dientamoeba fragilis. Our results illustrate how metabarcoding exemplifies a ‘one-fits-many’ approach to detecting intestinal single-celled parasites in feces supplemented with real-time PCR for selected parasites. Using metabarcoding with pathogen-specific assays may help detect emerging and previously underdetected pathogens and further elucidate the role of micro-eukaryotic parasites in human and animal health and disease.

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Enterocytozoon bieneusi (Microsporidia): Identification of novel genotypes and evidence of transmission between sympatric wild boars ( Sus scrofa ferus ) and Iberian pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) in Southern Spain

Cited by 23 publications

References 71 publications

African swine fever and outdoor farming of pigs

African swine fever and outdoor farming of pigs

Diarrhoea‐causing enteric protist species in intensively and extensively raised pigs ( Sus scrofa domesticus ) in Southern Spain. Part I: Prevalence and genetic diversity

Parasitic Intestinal Protists of Zoonotic Relevance Detected in Pigs by Metabarcoding and Real-Time PCR

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