<i>Erwinia amylovora</i>mutants and in<i>planta</i>-derived transconjugants resistant to oxytetracycline

Lacy, George H.; Stromberg, Verlyn K.; Cannon, Nancy P.

doi:10.1080/07060668409501588

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Given that in Michigan apple orchards, several plasmidborne Tc r elements, the majority of which are associated with transposable elements, are found in epiphytic bacteria, what is the risk of development of populations of Tc r plant pathogens such as E. amylovora? E. amylovora has been shown to become Tc r upon introduction of pBR322 (tetC; data not shown) or RP1 (tetA) (14,27), demonstrating the function of these genes in E. amylovora. Because E. amylovora has not been shown to be naturally transformation competent and bacteriophage capable of infecting E. amylovora cannot readily infect P. agglomerans or Pseudomonas sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…These bacteria possess either mutations which confer ribosomal insensitivity to streptomycin (12,42) or the streptomycin-modifying genes strA-strB acquired from other orchard bacteria in association with Tn5393 on conjugative plasmid pEa34 (11,13) or with RSF1010-type plasmid pEa8.7 (41). Although E. amylovora cannot easily develop tetracycline resistance (Tc r ) by chromosomal mutation (27), the use of oxytetracycline may lead to the selection of E. amylovora strains that have acquired tetracycline resistance genes from other orchard bacteria. The time frame of resistance development would depend in part on the availability of tetracycline resistance determinants in orchard bacterial populations and the ability of these determinants to be transferred to E. amylovora.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Transposons among Phylloplane Bacteria in Michigan Apple Orchards

Schnabel

Jones

1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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The extent and nature of tetracycline resistance in bacterial populations of two apple orchards with no or a limited history of oxytetracycline usage were assessed. Tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) bacteria were mostly gram negative and represented from 0 to 47% of the total bacterial population on blossoms and leaves (versus 26 to 84% for streptomycin-resistant bacteria). A total of 87 isolates were screened for the presence of specific Tcrdeterminants. Tcr was determined to be due to the presence of Tet B in Pantoea agglomerans and other members of the family Enterobacteriacae and Tet A, Tet C, or Tet G in mostPseudomonas isolates. The cause of Tcr was not identified in 16% of the isolates studied. The Tcr genes were almost always found on large plasmids which also carried the streptomycin resistance transposon Tn5393. Transposable elements with Tcr determinants were detected by entrapment following introduction into Escherichia coli. Tet B was found within Tn10. Two of eighteen Tet B-containing isolates had an insertion sequence within Tn10; one had IS911 located within IS10-R and one had Tn1000 located upstream of Tet B. Tet A was found within a novel variant of Tn1721, named Tn1720, which lacks the left-end orfI of Tn1721. Tet C was located within a 19-kb transposon, Tn1404, with transposition genes similar to those of Tn501, streptomycin (aadA2) and sulfonamide (sulI) resistance genes within an integron, Tet C flanked by direct repeats of IS26, and four open reading frames, one of which may encode a sulfate permease. Two variants of Tet G with 92% sequence identity were detected.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Transposons among Phylloplane Bacteria in Michigan Apple Orchards

Schnabel

Jones

1999

Appl Environ Microbiol

133

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“…Likewise, during the first hours after inoculation, P. syringae pv. syringae and Erwinia herbicola were shown to transfer the same plasmid to E. amjlovora on pear blossoms (Lacy et al, 1984). In another plant-associated environment, the rhizosphere, van Elsas et al (1988) observed a high frequency of conjugation after inoculation with a high number of donor and recipient bacteria.…”

Section: Conjugal Transfer To Indigenous Bacteria In Plantamentioning

confidence: 94%

High frequency of conjugation versus plasmid segregation of RP1 in epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae populations

et al. 1995

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The maintenance and transfer of the broad host-range plasmid RP1 in epiphytically growing populations of Pseudomnas syringae was monitored in the phyllosphere of bush bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). When foliage was inoculated with plasmid-containing bacteria, the plasmid was lost from the majority of the cells within 2 d but was stably maintained in 0 8 % of the population. A high frequency of conjugation between added donors and recipients was observed under high humidity conditions. In 1 d, the number of transconjugants rose to 10-1 of the donors and the proportional level of transconjugants continued to increase until 3 d after inoculation. Under these conditions the proportion of plasmid-containing bacteria stabilized at about 0 8 % of the total population. The conjugation rate appeared to be in equilibrium with plasmid loss and the slower growth of the plasmid-carrying cells. A factor that influenced the high conjugation frequency observed was the available nutrients provided by the leaf and also, to a lesser extent, the leaf surface itself. Transfer of the plasmid from added donors to indigenous bacteria was also studied, using a donor-specific bacteriophage for counterselection of the donor. Transfer was observed to 10 different species of Gram-negative epiphytically growing bacteria. The bean leaf surface appears to function as a hotspot at least for intraspecific transfer of plasmids in high humidity. The frequency of transfer was higher than in soil or in rhizosphere habitats. This is likely to be the result of an environment that is nutritionally rich in combination with a limited colonizable surface area which permits close contact between the bacterial cells.

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“…To be able to predict the fate and effect of inoculated bacteria in the environment, studies on genotypic stability, including possible gene transfer in the environment, are needed. Conjugation between added donor and recipient bacteria has been shown to be efficient on the plant surface ( Lacy and Leary 1975; Lacy et al . 1984 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization strategies and conjugal gene transfer of inoculatedPseudomonas syringaeon the leaf surface

Björklöf

Nurmiaho‐Lassila

Klinger

et al. 2000

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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2000. Survival, colonization and activity of Pseudomonas syringae bacteria inoculated onto the leaf surface of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was studied. Inoculated Ps. syringae cells shortened by half their size in 100% humidity and by an average of one ®fth in 40± 60% humidity. The respiring portion of the population, measured by the formation of 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC)-formazan crystals, decreased more in 40±60% humidity than in 100% humidity. In scanning electron micrographs, the bacterial cells on leaf surfaces were seen embedded in a mucoid matrix. Intraspecies conjugation of plasmid RP1 also occurred in 40±60% humidity conditions. The portion of transconjugants temporally rose higher than the same portion in 100% humidity conditions. Therefore, although only a small proportion of the inoculated cells remained active on the leaf surface in 40±60% humidity, a relatively high rate of conjugation was still seen. Gene spreading was thus ef®cient on the leaf surface also when conditions did not allow bacterial population growth.

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Erwinia amylovoramutants and inplanta-derived transconjugants resistant to oxytetracycline

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Transposons among Phylloplane Bacteria in Michigan Apple Orchards

Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Transposons among Phylloplane Bacteria in Michigan Apple Orchards

High frequency of conjugation versus plasmid segregation of RP1 in epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae populations

Colonization strategies and conjugal gene transfer of inoculatedPseudomonas syringaeon the leaf surface

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