<i>Escherichia coli</i>and Community-acquired Gastroenteritis, Melbourne, Australia

Robins-Browne, Roy M.; Bordun, Anne-Marie; Tauschek, Marija; Bennett-Wood, Vicki; Russell, Jacinta; Oppedisano, Frances; Lister, N A; Bettelheim, K. A.; Fairley, Christopher K; Sinclair, Martha Irvine; Hellard, Margaret

doi:10.3201/eid1010.031086

Cited by 120 publications

(133 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is higher than prevalence rates mentioned in similar reports from Thailand (3.2 %) and Tanzania (4.6 %) and lower than those mentioned in reports from Vietnam (6.6 %) and Kuwait (8.4 %) (Ratchtrachenchai et al, 2004;Nguyen et al, 2005;Moyo et al, 2007; Albert et al, 2009). However, EPEC rates vary greatly among different countries (Robins-Browne et al, 2004;Al-Gallas et al, 2007), which may reflect geographical specificities and other factors.EPEC strains are classified into two types: the typical EPEC isolates, which are positive for both the eae gene and the bfp gene and mostly belong to the classical EPEC serotypes, and atypical EPEC isolates, which are only positive for the eae gene and belong to non-classical serotypes (Trabulsi et al, 2002; Albert et al, 2009). In the current study, among the 23 EPEC isolates tested, approximately 70 % were classified as atypical EPEC strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Nakhjavani

Emaneini

Hosseini

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Diarrhoea continues to be one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among infants and children in developing countries. To investigate the incidence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic relationships of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in children with diarrhoea, a total of 612 stool specimens were collected in Tehran, Iran, and cultured to isolate strains of EPEC. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The presence of eae, stx and bfp-A genes was determined by PCR. The genetic relationships between EPEC isolates were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Out of the 412 strains of E. coli obtained from 612 diarrhoeal stool specimens, 23 (5.6 %) were identified as EPEC, of which seven (30.4 %) were classified as typical strains of EPEC and 16 (69.6 %) were classified as atypical. Out of the 23 EPEC isolates, 69.5 % were resistant to ampicillin, 39.1 % were resistant to tetracycline and cotrimoxazole, 30.4 % were resistant to cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam, and 26.1 % were resistant to imipenem. The isolates were classified into 21 pulsotypes by PFGE profiles. The present study shows that typical and atypical EPEC isolates displayed considerable heterogeneity in PFGE profiles and EPEC infections were only sporadic in Tehran. Overall 69 % of isolates were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested. INTRODUCTIONEnteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the major causes of diarrhoea among children in developing countries (Hernandes et al., 2009;Moura et al., 2009). The pathogenesis of EPEC depends on the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE), a chromosomal pathogenicity island. The LEE contains a number of different genes, including eae, which has an essential role in inducing a characteristic lesion formation in the intestinal epithelium, termed an attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion (Elliott et al., 1998;Vallance & Finlay 2000;Kaper et al., 2004). The eae gene encodes intimin, a 94 kDa outer-membrane protein that is responsible for the intimate adherence between bacterial and enterocyte membranes (Vallance & Finlay, 2000;Trabulsi et al., 2002). EPEC strains are classified as typical or atypical, according to the presence or absence of the E. coli adherence factor plasmid (EAF) that carries the bfpA gene, which encodes the bundle-forming pili (Hernandes et al., 2009). The most typical EPEC strains belong to the classic O : H serotypes and are eae-and bfpA-positive (Ochoa et al., 2008). The atypical EPEC isolates are eaepositive and bfpA-and stx (the gene encoding shiga-like toxin)-negative. EPEC are among the most important pathogens infecting children under 2 years of age in the developing world (Ochoa et al., 2008). Recent studies indicate that atypical EPEC is more prevalent than typical Abbreviations: EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli; LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement; PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophore...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Nakhjavani

Emaneini

Hosseini

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The aEPEC strains employed in the present study were isolated from diarrheal cases in independent epidemiological studies carried out in distinct periods in Brazil or Australia (31,33,37,47). The presence of several adhesin and toxin genes in these isolates has been reported before (16,45,47).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For unknown reasons, the incidence of EPEC infections in regions where they were most common has decreased significantly (38). Instead, a group of diarrheagenic E. coli strains bearing serotypes found among EPEC and non-EPEC strains and lacking the EAF has emerged as a significant cause of gastrointestinal disease (1,3,9,19,37). These strains share some of the virulence traits of typical EPEC strains but are categorically considered a new pathogroup, referred to as atypical EPEC (aEPEC) (22,46).…”

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confidence: 99%

Fimbrial Adhesins Produced by Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains

Hernandes

Velsko

Sampaio³

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) has emerged as a significant cause of pediatric diarrhea worldwide; however, information regarding its adherence mechanisms to the human gut mucosa is lacking. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of several (fimA, ecpA, csgA, elfA, and hcpA) fimbrial genes in 71 aEPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea (54 strains) and healthy individuals (17 strains) in Brazil and Australia by PCR. These genes are associated with adhesion and/or biofilm formation of pathogenic and commensal E. coli. Here, the most prevalent fimbrial genes found, in descending order, were hcpA (98.6%), ecpA (86%), fimA (76%), elfA (72%), and csgA (19.7%). Phenotypic expression of pili in aEPEC strains was assessed by several approaches. We were not able to detect the hemorrhagic coli pilus (HCP) or the E. coli lamininbinding fimbriae (ELF) in these strains by using immunofluorescence. Type 1 pili and curli were detected in 59% (by yeast agglutination) and 2.8% (by Congo red binding and immunofluorescence) of the strains, respectively. The E. coli common pilus (ECP) was evidenced in 36.6% of the strains on bacteria adhering to HeLa cells by immunofluorescence, suggesting that ECP could play an important role in cell adherence for some aEPEC strains. This study highlights the complex nature of the adherence mechanisms of aEPEC strains involving the coordinated function of fimbrial (e.g., ECP) and nonfimbrial (e.g., intimin) adhesins and indicates that these strains bear several pilus operons that could potentially be expressed in different niches favoring colonization and survival in and outside the host.

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“…Hoje em dia, raramente são isoladas como agentes de diarréia endêmica, havendo prevalência de sorotipos de EPEC atípica (TRABULSI;KELLER;GOMES, 2002). Estudos epidemiológicos recentes têm demonstrado que o mesmo vem ocorrendo no Brasil (FERNANDES-FILHO, 2004;GOMES et al, 2004;ROBINS-BROWNE et al, 2004;FRANZOLIN et al, 2005;BUERIS et al, 2007;ARAUJO et al, 2007) (BUERIS et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Interação de Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) atípica que apresenta o padrão de adesão localizada-like com a célula epitelial in vitro.

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Escherichia coliand Community-acquired Gastroenteritis, Melbourne, Australia

Abstract: Atypical strains of enteropathogenic E. coli are a leading cause of gastroenteritis in Melbourne.

Cited by 120 publications

References 40 publications

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Molecular analysis of typical and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolated from children with diarrhoea

Fimbrial Adhesins Produced by Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains

Interação de Escherichia coli enteropatogênica (EPEC) atípica que apresenta o padrão de adesão localizada-like com a célula epitelial in vitro.

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