Escherichia coli Mimetic Gold Nanorod-Mediated Photo- and Immunotherapy for Treating Cancer and Its Metastasis

Abstract

Most cancer-related deaths are due to metastasis or recurrence. Therefore, the ultimate goal of cancer therapy will be to treat metastatic and recurrent cancers. Combination therapy for cancer will be one of trial for effective treating metastasis and recurrence. In this study, Escherichia coli-mimetic nanomaterials are synthesized using Escherichia coli membrane proteins, adhesion proteins, and gold nanorods, which are named E. coli mimetic AuNRs (ECA), for combination therapy against cancer and its recurrence. ECA treatment with 808 nm laser irradiation eliminates CT-26 or 4T1 tumors via a photothermal effect. ECA with laser irradiation induces activation of immune cells in the tumor-draining lymph nodes. The mice cured from CT-26 or 4T1 tumor by ECA are rechallenged with those cancer in the lung metastatic form, and the results showed that ECA treatment for the first CT-26 or 4T1 tumor challenge prevents cancer infiltration to the lung in the second challenge. This preventive effect of ECA against tumor growth in the second challenge is aided by cancer antigen-specific T cell immunity. Overall, these findings show that ECA is a nanomaterial with dual functions as a photothermal therapy for treating primary cancers and as immunotherapy for preventing recurrence and metastasis.

Enhanced Immunotherapy Based on Combining the Pro-phagocytosis and Anti-phagocytosis Checkpoint Blockade for Tumor Eradication

“…It is well known that tumor metastasis and recurrence are two of the most important reasons for the death of cancer patients, , especially triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is usually particularly prone to lung metastasis and bone metastasis. In view of this, the ability of the DHMR system to resist tumor metastasis was evaluated.…”

Engineered bacteria for augmentedin situtumor vaccination

“…Hwang et al designed E. coli mimetic AuNRs, which were made of Escherichia coli membrane proteins and adhesion protein-encapsulated gold nanorods. 49 Gold nanorods could convert near-infrared light irradiation into heat for tumor local photothermal therapy. In the study, they discovered that the E. coli adhesion protein (FimH) increased the number of DCs and induced their maturation in the tumor-draining lymph node.…”

Tumor-triggered targeting ammonium bicarbonate liposomes for tumor multimodal therapy

“…[18][19][20] For example, Escherichia coli membrane proteins, adhesion proteins, and gold nanorods were used to synthesize Escherichia coli-mimetic nanomaterials to achieve combined photothermal/immune therapy. 21 A milk protein lactoferrin-conjugated AuNPs were explored for oral absorption and targeting the glioblastoma multiforme through the interaction between lactoferrin (Lf) and the lactoferrin receptor (LfR) that is highly expressed in the intestine, bloodbrain barrier and glioblastoma multiforme. 22 For these nanoparticles, a variety of challenges like size controlled synthesis, high quantum yield, and high mono dispersity etc.…”