Escherichia coli Residency in the Gut of Healthy Human Adults

Abstract

Escherichia coli is one of the most well-studied bacterial species, but several significant knowledge gaps remain regarding its ecology and natural history. Specifically, the most important factors influencing its life as a member of the healthy human gut microbiome are either underevaluated or currently unknown. Distinct E. coli population dynamics have been observed over the past century from a handful of temporal studies conducted in healthy human adults. Early studies using serology up to the most recent studies using genotyping and DNA sequencing approaches have all identified long-lived E. coli residents and short-lived transients. This review summarizes these discoveries and other studies that focused on the underlying mechanisms that lead to establishment and maintenance of E. coli residency in healthy human adults. Many fundamental knowledge gaps remain and are highlighted with the hope of facilitating future studies in this exciting research area.

Study on the Mechanism of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Probio-M9 Combined With Antibiotics on Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis in Rat

“…Escherichia coli, widely exists in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. When the intestinal ora is dysregulated or the body's immune system is disturbed, Escherichia coli will become pathogenic bacteria and cause intestinal diseases or other diseases of organizational organs (Martinson et al 2020). After the intervention of Probio-M9, The contents of E. faecalis and E. Coil are decreased signi cantly.…”

Study on the Mechanism of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Probio-M9 on Staphylococcus Aureus Mastitis in Rat

“…It is harmless to humans and animals and has good biocompatibility. It competes with harmful bacteria that adhere to the intestines to reduce the risk of harmful bacteria reproduction, maintain the stability of the intestinal ora, balance the composition of the intestinal ora; Lactobacillus reuteri also has the effect of improving allergies and enhancing human immunity (Martinson et al 2020). Studies have shown that Lactobacillus reuteri produces lactic acid, acetic acid and other substances after glycolysis and pentose phosphate metabolism.…”

Potential of Escherichia coli Probiotics for Improved Health and Disease Management

“…In humans, E. coli is present at less than 1% of gut microbiota and it is not among the 25 most prevalent bacteria [1,2]. But E. coli is the predominant Enterobacteriaceae species in humans [3]. Interestingly, E. coli is the first to colonize the intestines and persists all through life in humans [4].…”

“…Additionally, some E. coli strains known as pathobionts do not cause any disease in healthy individuals but exacerbate chronic inflammatory diseases [1]. The E. coli population in the GI tract is dynamic with a turnover in months to years [3,6]. Humans contain five different strains of E. coli [7].…”