Eustrongylides (Nematoda:Dioctophymatidae): epizootology and special characteristics of the development biology

Abstract

Summary Eustrongylides spp. are the nematodes from the Dioctophymatidae family which are potentially dangerous for the mammal’s heath. The first aim of the present research is to describe the biology, developmental characteristics and epizootology of the Eustrongylides spp. nematode. Eustrongylidosis is a parasitic disease commonly occurring in the countries with temperate continental, tropical and subtropical climate. The Eustrongylides spp. parasites are biohelmints with a complex life cycle. The development of the nematodes takes place in the aquatic environment and includes a vast range of intermediate, accidental and definitive hosts. It has also been reported in humans. The second aim of the research is to describe the clinical and pathomorphological changes in organs and tissues of the infected animals, and influence of biotic and abiotic factors on formation of the natural centers of spreading of eustrongylidosis; diagnostics of eustrongylidosis.

Incidência de endoparasitos com potencial zoonótico em peixes do Rio Madeira: Primeiro relato de larvas de Eustrongylides sp. em Triportheus angulatus no Estado de Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil

“…scomberoides, sendo espécies descritas na pesca de subsistência e comercial pela comunidade ribeirinha da região estudada (Cella et al, 2016). Os dados indicam que, crustáceos, oligoquetas e aves piscívoras fazem parte da cadeia alimentar desses ambientes aquáticos, atuando como hospedeiros intermediários e definitivos no ciclo desses parasitas (Honcharov et al, 2022).…”

“…Os ovos com larvas são ingeridos por anelídeos, que se desenvolve e torna-se infectante, o peixe ao alimentar-se do anelídeo infectado contamina-se, e o ser humano se alimenta da larva acidentalmente, possibilitando o estágio infeccioso. A larva é caracterizada por sua intensa cor avermelhada e medindo entre 4 à 10 cm, causando danos ao hospedeiro durante sua migração nos tecidos como a perfuração aos órgãos do trato gastrointestinal e peritonite (Honcharov et al, 2022).…”

Histopathological, morphological, and molecular characterization of fish-borne zoonotic parasite Eustrongylides Excisus infecting Northern pike (Esox lucius) in Iran

“…Eustrongylides nematodes begin their developmental process when eggs are laid on an aquatic oligochaete. The larvae then penetrate the intestinal wall and enter the body cavity of the host [ 28 ]. After the process of double shedding and parasitic invasion for a duration of 82–85 days, the fish become the secondary intermediate host and acquire infection through the ingestion of oligochaetes that are infected [ 49 ].…”

“…The genus Eustrongylides Jagerskiold, 1909, belongs to the family Dioctophymatidae, involving red and grossly visible nematodes that exhibit a cosmopolitan distribution across Northern and Southern America, Europe, and Asia [ 20 – 24 ] and display complex life cycle that encompasses both primary and secondary intermediate hosts, along with definitive hosts [ 25 , 26 ]. The nematoda genus Eustrongylides has numerous described species, but according to Measures [ 27 ] and Honcharov et al [ 28 ], only three of these species- Eustrongylides tubifex , E. excisus , and E. ignotus -are valid. Eustrongylides spp.…”

<i>Eustrongylides</i> spp. parasite risk management in <i>Atherina boyeri</i> from Lake Trasimeno

“…The primary causes of the increase in the incidence, geographic distribution, and frequency of zoonotic fish-related health issues are climate change and the rising demand for exotic, raw, and undercooked foods (Lohmus and Björklund, 2015 ; Shamsi and Sheorey 2018 ). In light of some wellknown parasitic zoonoses, researchers have recently focused on the propagation of Eustrongylides , a nematode found in many Italian and worldwide freshwater basins (Menconi et al , 2020; Guardone et al , 2021 ; Menconi et al , 2021 ; Franceschini et al , 2022 ; Morey et al , 2022 ; Rusconi et al , 2022 ; Honcharov et al , 2022 ). Albeit few medical reports have been observed, Eustrongylides spp.…”