<i>Ex Vivo</i>
            Impact of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes on Human Immune Cells

Delogu, Lucia Gemma; Venturelli, Enrica; Manetti, Roberto; Pinna, Gérard Aimè; Carru, Ciriaco; Madeddu, Roberto; Murgia, Luciano; Sgarrella, Francesco; Dumortier, Hélène; Bianco, Alberto

doi:10.2217/nnm.11.101

Cited by 77 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Furthermore, the analysis of blood, including complete blood count and chemical profile, before the experiments and after 1 wk following ultrasonography, indicated that blood values were in normal range after MWCNT bladder injection (Table S1). Our data confirm previous studies showing that CNTs, appropriately functionalized, are nontoxic both in vitro toward different cell types and in vivo in mouse models (12,29,31,32). The main purpose of the overall study was to investigate functionalized MWCNTs as USCAs.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…S1) to render them biocompatible (12,15). These functionalized MWCNTs have a diameter of 20-30 nm and an average length of about 400 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CNTs have been injected through intraperitoneal and intravenous routes in animal models; they are stable in different biological solutions and they can be eliminated by renal or hepatobiliary clearance when appropriately functionalized (1,3). Moreover, functionalized CNTs were found to be not toxic in previous studies carried out by us (12) and others (13,14). In light of these considerations, the present work was designed to test CNTs in conventional ultrasound imaging focusing on the assessment and characterization of their echogenic properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultrasound contrast agents

Delogu

Vidili

Venturelli

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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146

102

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Ultrasonography is a fundamental diagnostic imaging tool in everyday clinical practice. Here, we are unique in describing the use of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as hyperechogenic material, suggesting their potential application as ultrasound contrast agents. Initially, we carried out a thorough investigation to assess the echogenic property of the nanotubes in vitro. We demonstrated their long-lasting ultrasound contrast properties. We also showed that ultrasound signal of functionalized MWCNTs is higher than graphene oxide, pristine MWCNTs, and functionalized single-walled CNTs. Qualitatively, the ultrasound signal of CNTs was equal to that of sulfur hexafluoride (SonoVue), a commercially available contrast agent. Then, we found that MWCNTs were highly echogenic in liver and heart through ex vivo experiments using pig as an animal model. In contrast to the majority of ultrasound contrast agents, we observed in a phantom bladder that the tubes can be visualized within a wide variety of frequencies (i.e., 5.5–10 MHz) and 12.5 MHz using tissue harmonic imaging modality. Finally, we demonstrated in vivo in the pig bladder that MWCNTs can be observed at low frequencies, which are appropriate for abdominal organs. Importantly, we did not report any toxicity of CNTs after 7 d from the injection by animal autopsy, organ histology and immunostaining, blood count, and chemical profile. Our results reveal the enormous potential of CNTs as ultrasound contrast agents, giving support for their future applications as theranostic nanoparticles, combining diagnostic and therapeutic modalities.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…S1) to render them biocompatible (12,15). These functionalized MWCNTs have a diameter of 20-30 nm and an average length of about 400 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultrasound contrast agents

Delogu

Vidili

Venturelli

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

146

102

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“…Pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) were not able to cause secretion of cytokine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but could increase TLR agonist-induced cytokine secretion and PHAinduced T-cell cytokine release by PBMC. 3 In contrast to this, Delogu et al 9 demonstrated that f-MWCNTs had no cytotoxicity on human monocytes and NK cells. Similarly, Dumortier et al 12 found that the two types of f-MWCNTs neither decreased cellular vitality nor affected the functional activity of immunoregulatory cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…7 Due to their importance in the immune system, studies have reported the effects of CNTs on the functionality and viability of immune cells such as T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells in vitro, focusing on toxicity, oxidative stress, cytokine induction, and inhibition of key functions such as phagocytosis. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Pescatori et al 8 showed that four types of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) showed no cytotoxicity on Jurkat T and monocyte THP-1 cells, but three types of those f-MWCNTs activate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in THP-1, whereas no significant activation was observed in T cells. Pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) were not able to cause secretion of cytokine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), but could increase TLR agonist-induced cytokine secretion and PHAinduced T-cell cytokine release by PBMC.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic and immunotoxicity of pristine and PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an intravenous 28 days repeated dose toxicity study

Zhang¹,

Meng²,

Zhang³

et al. 2017

IJN

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The numerous increasing use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) derived from nanotechnology has raised concerns about their biosafety and potential toxicity. CNTs cause immunologic dysfunction and limit the application of CNTs in biomedicine. The immunological responses induced by pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) and PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-PEG) on BALB/c mice via an intravenous administration were investigated. The results reflect that the p-MWCNTs induced significant increases in spleen, thymus, and lung weight. Mice treated with p-MWCNTs showed altered lymphocyte populations (CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + , and CD19 + ) in peripheral blood and increased serum IgM and IgG levels, and splenic macrophage ultrastructure indicated mitochondria swelling. p-MWCNTs inhibited humoral and cellular immunity function and were associated with decreased immune responses against sheep erythrocytes and serum hemolysis level. Natural killer (NK) activity was not modified by two types of MWCNTs. In comparison with two types of MWCNTs, for a same dose, p-MWCNTs caused higher levels of inflammation and immunosuppression than MWCNTs-PEG. The results of immunological function suggested that after intravenous administration with p-MWCNTs caused more damage to systemic immunity than MWCNTs-PEG. Here, we demonstrated that a surface functional modification on MWCNTs reduces their immune perturbations in vivo. The chemistry-modified MWCNTs change their preferred immune response in vivo and reduce the immunotoxicity of p-MWCNTs.

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Immunotoxicology of Nanomaterials

Lappas

2014

Handbook of Nanotoxicology, Nanomedicine and Stem Cell Use in Toxicology

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Ex Vivo Impact of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes on Human Immune Cells

Cited by 77 publications

References 59 publications

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultrasound contrast agents

Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as ultrasound contrast agents

Systemic and immunotoxicity of pristine and PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in an intravenous 28 days repeated dose toxicity study

Immunotoxicology of Nanomaterials

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