“…efficacy of retreatment techniques by different methods, including radiography (4-6), clearing (6)(7)(8), projection of photograph onto a screen (1,2,9) , stereomicroscopy (2,4,10-13), scanning electron microscopy (1,(14)(15)(16), evaluation of digitized images using a scanner (3), micro-computed tomography (17) and computed tomography (13). Removal of obturation material can be effected with endodontic hand files, heat-carrying or ultrasonic instruments, or engine driven rotary files (10).…”