asymmetric catalysis · carbonyl compounds · cycloaddition · organocatalysis · trienamines Asymmetric aminocatalysis has greatly expanded chemists ability to stereoselectively functionalize unmodified carbonyl compounds. [1] Crucial to the evolution of the field was the recognition that chiral amines can be used to activate carbonyl compounds through fundamental and general reactivity concepts (Figure 1). [2] The LUMO-lowering effect is the underlying activation principle of iminium ion catalysis. [1d] This activation mode is based on the ability of a chiral amine to reversibly condense with a,b-unsaturated carbonyls to form an iminium intermediate, rendering their b-carbon atoms susceptible to nucleophilic attack by lowering the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Conversely, in the HOMO-raising activation approach, [1b, c] enolizable carbonyls are activated as a result of the formation of an enamine intermediate that increases the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO). The latter approach has demonstrated unique versatility, and has been successfully translated into other aminocatalytic activation modes. [2] SOMO (singly occupied molecular orbital) activation exploits the in situ oneelectron oxidation of the enamine intermediate, which gen-erates an electrophilic 3p-electron radical cation which may engage in a-stereoselective carbon-carbon bond formation with an electron-rich p-system. [3] Applying the HOMOraising strategy to enolizable a,b-unsaturated carbonyls implies the formation of a dienamine intermediate, whose intrinsic vinylogous nucleophilicity can be used for the direct asymmetric functionalization of unmodified carbonyls at their g position. [4] Recent findings have demonstrated that the HOMO-raising electronic effect can be further propagated within polyconjugated enals and enones of type 1, thus leading to the in situ formation of trienamine intermediates (species A in Figure 1). [5,6] These species can readily participate in Diels-Alder processes as activated chiral dienes, thus intercepting a variety of electron-deficient dienophiles. The chemistry allows the rapid construction of cyclohexenyl rings 2 with a high density of stereocenters adorned with different substituents and with high stereocontrol. Remarkable features of the resulting methodologies are 1) perfect regioselectivity in the formation of two novel carbon-carbon bonds exclusively at the b and e positions of the original carbonyl function in 1; and 2) the impressive ability of the selected aminocatalysts 3 and 4 (vide infra) to communicate their inherent stereochemical information while the new stereocenter is forged at the e position, six atoms away from the catalyst binding point within the trienamine intermediate.The viability of trienamine activation was established in a collaborative project between the research groups of Chen and Jørgensen (Scheme 1). [5a] Condensation of diarylprolinol silyl ether aminocatalysts [7] of type 3 with 2,4-dienals 1 a leads to the transient formation of the extended c...