Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum daubneyi: changes in prevalences of natural infections in cattle and in Lymnaea truncatula from central France over the past 12 years

Abstract

-A retrospective study was carried out over a 10-to 12-year period to analyse the changes in prevalences of natural fasciolosis and paramphistomosis among cattle and snails in central France, and to determine the causes which had induced these changes. The prevalences of natural fasciolosis in cattle increased from 1990 to 1993 (13.6% to 25.2%) and diminished afterwards up to 1999 (at 12.6%). Those of natural paramphistomosis showed a progressive increase between 1990 and 1999 (from 5.2 to 44.7%). The prevalences of natural infections and the numbers of free rediae counted in the snails (Lymnaea truncatula) infected with F. hepatica did not show any significant variations over time. By contrast, the prevalences of natural paramphistomosis in snails significantly increased from 1989 to 1996 and remained afterwards in the same range of values (3.7-5.3%), while the number of free rediae significantly increased up to 2000 (from a mean of 6.5 to 13.8 rediae per infected snail, respectively). Three hypotheses may explain the increase of paramphistomosis in cattle and snails: a better quality of diagnosis for the detection of P. daubneyi eggs in veterinary analysis laboratories, the use of specific molecules in the treatment of cattle fasciolosis since 1993, and the lack of an effective treatment up to now against cattle paramphistomosis. Since the objective of most farmers in central France is to obtain the highest antiparasitic efficiency with a single treatment of cattle per year, it is reasonable to assume that the prevalence of bovine paramphistomosis will continue to increase in the future. Résumé -Fasciola hepatica et Paramphistomum daubneyi : changements dans les prévalences des infestations naturelles chez les bovins et chez Lymnaea truncatula dans le centre de la France au cours des 12 dernières années. Une étude rétrospective a été réalisée sur une période de 10 à 12 années pour analyser les modifications qui se sont produites dans les prévalences de la fasciolose et de la paramphistomose naturelles chez les bovins et les limnées du centre de la France, et pour déterminer les causes qui ont provoqué ces changements. Chez les bovins, la prévalence de la fasciolose naturelle s'est accrue entre 1990 et 1993 (de 13,6 à 25,2 %) avant de diminuer par la suite jusqu'en 1999 (à 12,6 %). Celle de la paramphistomose naturelle a augmenté de manière progressive entre 1990 et 1999 (de 5,2 à 44,7 %). La prévalence de l'infestation naturelle avec F. hepatica et le nombre de rédies libres chez Lymnaea truncatula n'ont pas montré de variations significatives dans le temps. Par contre, la prévalence de l'infestation naturelle avec Paramphistomum daubneyi chez les limnées a présenté une augmentation significative entre 1989 et 1996 avant de rester ensuite dans la même gamme de valeurs (3,7-5,3 %), tandis que le nombre de rédies libres a augmenté jusqu'en 2000 (de 6,5 à 13,8 rédies en moyenne par mollusque infesté). Trois hypothèses peuvent expliquer cet accroissement de la paramphistomose chez les bovins et les mollus...

Epidemiological studies onFasciola hepaticain Gafsa oases (South West of Tunisia)

“…The prevalence of natural infection of G. truncatula with F. hepatica: 19.2 % in Gafsa's oases was important and similar to that reported in Tozeur oases: 26 % (Hammami & Ayadi, 2000). Whereas in Limousin region, the rate was 5.1 % (Mage et al, 2002). In our study, two infestation periods were described in each habitat.…”

Prevalence and pathological study of Paramphistomum infection in the small intestine of slaughtered ovine

“…The species identification is still neglected as the various species of the family paramphistomatidae are difficult to be detected through a systematic point of view, and most of the reports do not quote the main one (Mage et al 2002). Paramphistomatidae are the most important trematods of rumen and reticulum in ruminants.…”

The detection and quantification of a digenean infection in the snail host with special emphasis on Fasciola sp.

“…The enzyme electrophoresis in starch gel is a very cheap and simple biochemical method that could be used in a very Abrous et al (1999Abrous et al ( , 2000, Mage et al (2002) c Vignoles et al (2002) d Barthe (1982, 1987) e Van Aken (1982), Van Aken and Brandt (1987) f Shubkin et al (1992), Rognlie et al (1994Rognlie et al ( , 1996 g Heussler et al (1993), Kaplan et al (1995Kaplan et al ( , 1997 h Krämer and Schnieder (1998), Mostafa et al (2003), Velusamy et al (2004), Cucher et al (2006), Caron et al (2007) i Magalhaes et al (2004) j Heussler et al (1993), Schweizer et al (2007) modest laboratory for a preliminary selection of possible intermediate hosts in a particular epidemiological context but the check out can be difficult (enzyme choice, temperature, chemical revelation). The specificity and sensitivity of the technique is poor when compared with DNA/RNA-based techniques and consequently it is not used anymore.…”

“…Real time PCR is difficult to perform particularly with regard to the determination of the experimental conditions of the Abrous et al (1999Abrous et al ( , 2000, Mage et al (2002) c Vignoles et al (2002) d Barthe (1982, 1987) e Van Aken (1982), Van Aken and Brandt (1987) f Shubkin et al (1992), Rognlie et al (1994Rognlie et al ( , 1996 g Heussler et al (1993), Kaplan et al (1995Kaplan et al ( , 1997 h Krämer and Schnieder (1998) Schweizer et al (2007) reaction (design of the TaqMan probe, optimization of E PCR ) and result interpretation. It is an expensive technique because of the TaqMan probe (about 150 Euros), and the price of the fluorescence detection system (about 20,000 Euros).…”

“…After destruction of the shell, the dissection of viscera and their examination under a dissecting microscope or a microscope allow to record the numbers of live or degenerated free rediae and cercariae, whatever their state of maturity. This technique was used by numerous authors (Abrous et al 1999(Abrous et al , 2000Mage et al 2002) to follow the intensity of natural infections with F. hepatica in G. truncatula populations living in swampy meadows on acid soils. Snail dissection was, for example, used to count sporocysts of Fascioloides magna in the foot and mantle of G. truncatula in the days following miracidial penetration (Erhardová-Kotrlá 1971).…”