<i>Fiber Bragg Gratings: Fundamentals and Applications in Telecommunications and Sensing</i>

Othonos, Andreas; Kalli, Kyriacos; Kohnke, Glenn E.

doi:10.1063/1.883086

Cited by 788 publications

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“…The zero dispersion response of the grating would be helpful to the fabrication of DWDM optical system reliable even at high power application. At high optical power level (≥ 100 mw), the nonlinear effect may degrade the performance of DWDM system, but by using the proposed larger bandwidth zero dispersion grating may compensate it [9][10][11]. Figure 7 demonstrates how the side lobes have been eliminated Figure 7.…”

Section: Controlling the Dispersion And Peak Reflectivity Due To An Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and Peak Reflectivity Analysis in a Non-Uniform FBG Based Sensors Due to Arbitrary Refractive Index Profile

Raghuwanshi¹,

Kumar²,

Srinivas³

2012

PIER B

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Abstract-This paper deals with a group velocity dispersion issue and a peak reflectivity issue in a non-uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) due to an arbitrary refractive index profile along the length of grating. The paper shows that by using more complicated refractive index profile one can significantly reduce the group velocity dispersion and side lobes intensity and that in main lobe the bandwidth of reflectivity would also increase substantially due to a complicated refractive index profile. To the authors' knowledge, there has not been any work reported in this direction. Generally, coupled mode theory is used to analyze the uniform fiber Bragg grating (UFBG). The analysis results in two coupled first order ordinary differential equations with constant coefficients for which closed form solutions can be found for appropriate boundary conditions. Most fiber gratings designed for practical applications however are non uniform. The main reason for using non uniform grating is that it reduces the side lobes in the reflectivity spectrum. Due to the complexity of analysis, no particular method for an analysis of the non-uniform fiber Bragg grating would be found. The two standard approaches for calculating the reflection and transmission spectra of a non uniform FBG are direct numerical integration of coupled mode equations and piecewise uniform approximation approach. The former is more accurate but computationally intensive. In this paper, piecewise uniform approximation approach is used to study a dispersion characteristic due to an arbitrary refractive index profile. The usefulness in FBG based sensors has been demonstrated.

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Section: Controlling the Dispersion And Peak Reflectivity Due To An Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and Peak Reflectivity Analysis in a Non-Uniform FBG Based Sensors Due to Arbitrary Refractive Index Profile

Raghuwanshi¹,

Kumar²,

Srinivas³

2012

PIER B

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“…The Bragg wavelength is affected by the external temperature and strain experienced by the fiber [15]. This dependence of k B can be described by:…”

Section: Fbg For Temperature Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a typical Germanosilicate core doped optical fiber at 1550 nm, the thermal sensitivity is 13 pm K À1 [15].…”

Section: Fbg For Temperature Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin bonding wires temperature measurement using optical fiber sensors

et al. 2011

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“…The periodic nature of the index modulation yields a resonant spectral response. Indeed, the FBG reflects light preferentially at the Bragg wavelength defined by B D 2 n eff ƒ where n eff is the average refractive index of the fibre core and ƒ is the grating period (Othonos 1999). Contrary to uniform FBGs, the period of chirped FBGs varies along the fibre axis at a rate (also called chirp coefficient) that can reach several nm/cm.…”

Section: Fbg Telecommunication Applications In Compensation and Signamentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

Vázquez

Montalvo

Ahmed

et al. 2011

Optical Transmission

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1higher, linear and non-linear fibre impairments become prominent factors affecting the signal quality. Thus, new techniques in both physical layer and network layer are necessary for mitigating impairments to accommodate high-speed traffic (Tomkos et al. 2002). On the other hand, the flexibility of modern networks with dynamic and distributed management, where lightpaths can be dynamically and automatically assigned end-to-end, increases the risk of changing path conditions that affect signal quality and consequently quality of service (QoS) over the lifetime of a connection as well as for subsequent connection set-up requests (on-demand routing and wavelength assignment -RWA). For traditional connection provisioning an ideal physical layer, ignoring transmission impairments (Chlamtac et al. 1992) could be assumed because the implicit per hop regeneration (optics-to-electronics-to-optics conversion -O/E/O) compensated signal impairments hop-by-hop in a rather static manner (section commissioning). For end-to-end all-optically switched connections using photonic cross-connect switches (PXC), the conditions change and common practice is not applicable. Anyhow, intelligent connection provisioning is an important traffic engineering problem, and minimising operational cost as well as efficiently utilising network resources is the main driver. In this context, it seems important to have flexible routing protocols that take into consideration the most relevant physical impairments, and are able to exchange messages with their values as part of the route information with others. This condition, if definitely used to calculate routing, will surely assure better success in data delivery over the network (Huang et al. 2005). Irrespective of the control architecture chosen by an operator of an optical network, the included control plane (in charge of setting up and tearing down optical circuits; also known as lightpaths) needs to have a proper set of tools to satisfyingly deal with physical impairments. The most essential tools are: optical signal monitoring, signal processing and impairment compensation techniques (each all-optically and/or electrically). With the help of these tools, it is possible to predict the QoT (quality of transmission) attainable for a lightpath at a given time (i.e. the latest network-wide monitoring instant), and the control plane can route requests across the network

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Fiber Bragg Gratings: Fundamentals and Applications in Telecommunications and Sensing

Cited by 788 publications

References 0 publications

Dispersion and Peak Reflectivity Analysis in a Non-Uniform FBG Based Sensors Due to Arbitrary Refractive Index Profile

Dispersion and Peak Reflectivity Analysis in a Non-Uniform FBG Based Sensors Due to Arbitrary Refractive Index Profile

Thin bonding wires temperature measurement using optical fiber sensors

Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks

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