Ficus deltoideaextract down-regulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new insight into its antidiabetic mechanism

Abstract

Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (FD) is a well-known plant used in Malay folklore medicine to lower blood glucose in diabetic patients. For further research of the antihyperglycemic mechanisms, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibitory effect of FD was analysed both in vitro and in vivo. To optimise a method for FD extraction, water, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 95 % ethanol extracts were prepared and determined for their total phenolic and triterpene contents, and PTP1B-inhibition capacity. Among the tested extracts, 70 % ethanol FD extract showed a significant PTP1B inhibition (92·0 % inhibition at 200 µg/ml) and high phenolic and triterpene contents. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the 70 % ethanol extract led to the isolation of a new triterpene (3β,11β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid; F3) along with six known compounds. In vivo, 4 weeks’ administration of 70 % ethanol FD extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d) to streptozotocin–nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats reversed the abnormal changes of blood glucose, insulin, total Hb, GLUT2, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in liver and pancreas. Moreover, FD reduced the mRNA expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase) and restored insulin receptor and GLUT2 encoding gene (Slc2a2) expression. In addition, FD significantly down-regulated the hepatic PTP1B gene expression. These results revealed that FD could potentially improve insulin sensitivity, suppress hepatic glucose output and enhance glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes mellitus through down-regulation of PTP1B. Together, our findings give scientific evidence for the traditional use of FD as an antidiabetic agent.

Ficus deltoidea ameliorates biochemical, hormonal, and histomorphometric changes in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rats

“…The data support that the relationship between lipid pro le and sex hormones [48,49]. These results are also compatible with earlier studies demonstrating that F. deltoidea can reverse the abnormalities in the lipid pro le of diabetic rats [50] and adults with pre-diabetes [51].…”

Antidiabetic and anti-obesity acylated flavonol diglucoside from Ammannia baccifera L. subsp. aegyptiaca (Willd.) Koehne Waste

“…Such histopathological modi cations were decreases by incorporation of AEEE extract at both doses. The current study agrees with previous studies on antidiabetic and anti-obesity effects of herbal extracts [53,54].…”

The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Mineral Accumulation, as Well as Biological and Chemical Properties of Ficus deltoidea

“…Choo et al [24] suggested the use of F. deltoidea as an antidiabetic since there exists both bioflavonoids (vitexin and isovitexin) in F. deltoidea plants. It was reported that the extract of F. deltoidea can potentially improve insulin sensitivity, suppress hepatic glucose output and enhance glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes mellitus through down-regulation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) [53]. They also stated the herb can be utilized as a useful remedy for alleviation of diabetes complications.…”