<i>Francisella tularensis</i>infection in a stone marten (<i>Martes foina</i>) without classic pathological lesions consistent with tularemia

Origgi, Francesco C.; Wu, Natacha; Pilo, Paola

doi:10.1177/1040638713489124

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…infection had old skin wounds suspected to have been the portal of entry for the bacteria. Severe, but not specific lesions associated with Francisella tularensis in a stone marten (Table 2 ) have been described in detail elsewhere [ 58 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance

et al. 2018

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BackgroundAlthough mustelids occur worldwide and include a wide range of species, little is known about the diseases affecting them. Mustelids have regularly been submitted for post mortem investigation in the framework of the program for general wildlife health surveillance in Switzerland, which has been in place for nearly 60 years. We performed a retrospective analysis of the necropsy reports on mustelids submitted to the diagnostic service of the University of Bern. The aims of this study were to present an overview of the causes of mortality and morbidity observed in these carnivores, to assess differences among species, to assess changes in disease detection over the study period, and to describe the pathology of selected diseases.ResultsFive hundred and sixty-six reports from 1958 to 2015 were analyzed. Most animals were stone martens (Martes foina, 46%) and badgers (Meles meles, 44%); the remaining species were polecats (Mustela putorius, 4.7%), pine martens (Martes martes, 2%), stoats (Mustela erminea, 1.4%), weasels (Mustela nivalis, 0.8%) and otters (Lutra lutra, 0.3%). Infectious diseases (n = 262) were frequent and were mostly bacterial or viral; non-infectious conditions (n = 169) were less common and were mostly traumatic or due to metabolic disorders. The most frequent diagnoses included distemper (75% were badgers), amyloidosis (96% were martens), bacterial respiratory infections (all mustelids), biting lice (badgers only) and pulmonary and gastro-intestinal helminths (all species). Less frequent diseases included histoplasmosis (badgers only), aspergillosis, toxoplasmosis, hepatozoonosis, and sarcoptic mange. Lesions due to infection with distemper virus were primarily appreciated in the respiratory tract and central nervous system; they presented species-specific characteristics such as necrosis in the ependyma in badgers and absence of syncytia in stone martens. Amyloidosis in martens was multisystemic in most cases and included both AA and AL amyloidosis; the main macroscopic change was severe splenomegaly.ConclusionInfectious diseases were the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality of mustelids, with marked species-specific differences. Lung and skin were the most commonly affected organs. Contagious diseases such as canine distemper, sarcoptic mange and rabies in mustelids showed a similar temporal pattern as in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), suggesting pathogen spillovers from foxes to mustelids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance

et al. 2018

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“…Until 2010, tularemic disease had only been described in European brown and mountain hares (Lepus europaeus and Lepus timidus, respectively), European rabbits, and a few small rodents (Hestvik et al 2015). However, in 2013 tularemia was described in a stone marten (Martes foina; Origgi et al 2013). Recently, F. tularensis, or antibodies against it, was detected in a wider range of wildlife in Europe including several additional small rodent species, red foxes, wild boars, and raccoon dogs (Kuehn et al 2013).…”

Section: Tularemia By Gete Hestvikmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Changes in Infectious Diseases in European Wildlife

Yon¹,

Duff

Ågren

et al. 2019

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Many infectious diseases originating from, or carried by, wildlife affect wildlife conservation and biodiversity, livestock health, or human health. We provide an update on changes in the epidemiology of 25 selected infectious, wildlife-related diseases in Europe (from 2010-16) that had an impact, or may have a future impact, on the health of wildlife, livestock, and humans. These pathogens were selected based on their: 1) identification in recent Europe-wide projects as important surveillance targets, 2) inclusion in European Union legislation as pathogens requiring obligatory surveillance, 3) presence in recent literature on wildlife-related diseases in Europe since 2010, 4) inclusion in key pathogen lists released by the Office International des Epizooties, 5) identification in conference presentations and informal discussions on a group email list by a European network of wildlife disease scientists from the European Wildlife Disease Association, or 6) identification as pathogens with changes in their epidemiology during 2010-16. The wildlife pathogens or diseases included in this review are: avian influenza virus, seal influenza virus, lagoviruses, rabies virus, bat lyssaviruses, filoviruses, canine distemper virus, morbilliviruses in aquatic mammals, bluetongue virus, West Nile virus, hantaviruses, Schmallenberg virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus, African swine fever virus, amphibian ranavirus, hepatitis E virus, bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis), tularemia (Francisella tularensis), brucellosis (Brucella spp.), salmonellosis (Salmonella spp.), Coxiella burnetii, chytridiomycosis, Echinococcus multilocularis, Leishmania infantum, and chronic wasting disease. Further work is needed to identify all of the key drivers of disease change and emergence, as they appear to be influencing the incidence and spread of these pathogens in Europe. We present a summary of these recent changes during 2010-16 to discuss possible commonalities and drivers of disease change and to identify directions for future work on wildlife-related diseases in Europe. Many of the pathogens are entering Europe from other continents while others are expanding their ranges inside and beyond Europe. Surveillance for these wildlife-related diseases at a continental scale is therefore important for planet-wide assessment, awareness of, and preparedness for the risks they may pose to wildlife, domestic animal, and human health.

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“…Tissues were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed, and stained as previously described. 23 Immunohistochemistry Tissue sections obtained from examined animals with confirmed infection by F. tularensis (polymerase chain reaction [PCR], see the following) and the presence of histologic lesions underwent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining according to an ad hoc modified established protocol. 22 Briefly, the sections were stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against the F. tularensis LPS (Senova GmbH, Jena, Germany) diluted 1/1000 in PBS in a humid chamber and incubated at 4 C overnight, then treated with a goat polyclonal antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase (Kirkegaard and Perry Laboratories, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) diluted 1/2000 in PBS.…”

Section: Animals and Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Francisella Tularensis Clades B.FTN002-00 and B.13 Are Associated With Distinct Pathology in the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus)

Origgi

Pilo

2016

Vet Pathol

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Tularemia is a severe disease caused by Francisella tularensis This bacterium has a major pathogenic potential in countless animal species as well as in humans. Despite the relatively significant body of literature available on this microorganism, many questions are still open concerning its biological cycle in the environment, the pathology and pathogenesis of the disease, the possible routes of infection in animals, and the pathologic and ecological relevance of the distinct phylogenetic clusters of F. tularensis In order to address these questions, we have thoroughly characterized the pathology and microbiology of terminally ill European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) infected with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, collected in Switzerland from 2012 to 2014. F tularensis isolates were typed by defining their phylogenetic clusters. We showed that the pathology associated with F. tularensis subsp. holarctica belonging to the clade B.FTNF002-00 is different from that previously reported to be associated with the clade B.13. In particular, strains of the clade B.FTNF002-00 were almost invariably associated with splenitis and hepatitis and not with the polyserositis affecting pleura, pericardium, and kidney reported in the literature for infections caused by the clade B.13. We describe findings suggesting that the ports of entry for the bacteria might be the respiratory and digestive routes.

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Francisella tularensisinfection in a stone marten (Martes foina) without classic pathological lesions consistent with tularemia

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance

Causes of mortality and morbidity in free-ranging mustelids in Switzerland: necropsy data from over 50 years of general health surveillance

Recent Changes in Infectious Diseases in European Wildlife

Francisella Tularensis Clades B.FTN002-00 and B.13 Are Associated With Distinct Pathology in the European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus)

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