Fusarium commune associated with wilt and root rot disease in rice

Abstract

Fusarium species are the world's most economically destructive and species-rich groups of mycotoxigenic plant pathogens (Aoki et al., 2014). Wilt and root rot disease, commonly known as fusarium wilt and root rot, has been caused by several species of Fusarium. Fusarium wilt is a common vascular fungal disease in plants, mainly caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Dita et al., 2018). However, Fusarium commune is also one of the causal pathogens of fusarium wilt and was originally misidentified as F. oxysporum, although it has been considered as a distinct species since 2003 (Yu and Babadoost, 2013). In China, F. commune was the most common cause of fusarium wilt in Eleochari dulcis (Zhu et al., 2014). This pathogen has been isolated from soil and plants including white pine, Douglas-fir, carnation, maize, carrot, and barley (Skovgaard

Molecular and Pathogenic Characterization of Fusarium Species Associated with Corm Rot Disease in Saffron from China

“…The phylogenetic tree, based on the concatenation of two genes ( rpb2 + tef1 ) spanning 1476 nucleotides among 80 ingroup strains, included three main clades corresponding to FOSC, FFSC, and F. commune . The MLSA tree illustrated that isolates collected from saffron in the present study clustered strongly with F. annulatum [ 19 ] and F. commune type strains [ 26 , 28 ] with bootstrap values 95% and 100%, respectively ( Figure 3 ). The topology of the multilocus tree was similar to the phylogenetic trees constructed from the individual genes ( Supplementary Figures S1 and S2 ).…”

“…Fusarium commune is associated with wilt and root rot diseases in a range of crops: Acacia koa , barley, carnation, carrot, Chinese water chestnut ( Eleocharis dulcis ), Douglas-fir, horseradish, maize, peas, rice, soybean, sugarcane, tobacco, tomato, and white pine. This fungus was originally misidentified as F. oxysporum ; however, it has been resolved within the FOSC and described as a distinct species since 2003 [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Fusarium annulatum is a morphologically and phylogenetically diverse species which has been recently demonstrated as distinct from F. proliferatum [ 19 ].…”

“…The fungi isolated in this study from saffron morphologically resembled F. oxysporum ; however, on close examination, they could be discriminated from each other as F. annulatum and F. commune based on morphological criteria. Although both species form polyphialides, F. commune also produces long, slender monophialides; these microscopic features distinguish F. annulatum and F. commune from F nirenbergiae and F. oxysporum [ 11 , 13 , 23 , 26 , 28 ]. Chlamydospores were only absent in F. annulatum [ 19 ].…”

“…Strains of F. annulatum and F. commune are reported as pathogens of bakanae and root rot diseases in rice, respectively [ 19 , 28 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Saffron is commonly planted after rice in China as a rotation.…”

“…Saffron is commonly planted after rice in China as a rotation. This raises the intriguing possibility that rice might serve as a reservoir or alternative host for pathogens of saffron and/or vice versa [ 19 , 28 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. A first step in investigating that hypothesis will be to investigate the host ranges of these strains: are they able to colonize and/or infect both rice and saffron?…”