<i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Alternaria</i> mycotoxins present in Canadian wheat and durum harvest samples

Tittlemier, Sheryl A.; Blagden, Richard; Chan, Jason; Gaba, D.; McKendry, Twylla; Pleskach, Kerri; Roscoe, Mike

doi:10.1080/07060661.2019.1592784

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The data collected in the present research highlight, for the first time ever, co-contamination by regulated (DON and ZEA), modified (DON-3-G and 3-ADON) and emerging Fusarium mycotoxins (MON and ENN A, A 1 , B, B 1 ) of naturally-infected durum wheat cvs with different degrees of susceptibility to FHB over 8 growing seasons, in NW Italy. Previously, only a few studies had reported the co-occurrence of the aforementioned mycotoxins and these studies always referred to just a few years, mainly in areas of Central and Southern Italy [ 18 , 22 , 28 ], France [ 29 ], Poland [ 30 ], Canada [ 31 ] and Argentina [ 32 ], without comparing cvs with different degrees of susceptibility to FHB under field conditions in order to evaluate their contamination by emerging mycotoxins. In such a context, it is important to underline that the recent increase in demand for pasta products has also led to an expansion of the growth of winter durum wheat to non-traditional growing areas (such as Northern Italy, Austria, Germany and France), where there are more humid climatic conditions [ 4 , 28 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

Scarpino

Blandino

2021

Microorganisms

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The enhancement of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance is one of the best options to reduce mycotoxin contamination in wheat. This study has aimed to verify that the genotypes with high tolerance to deoxynivalenol could guarantee an overall minimization of the sanitary risk, by evaluating the contamination of regulated, modified and emerging mycotoxins on durum wheat cvs with different degrees of FHB susceptibility, grown under different meteorological conditions, in 8 growing seasons in North-West Italy. The years which were characterized by frequent and heavy rainfall in spring were also those with the highest contamination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, moniliformin, and enniatins. The most FHB resistant genotypes resulted in the lowest contamination of all the mycotoxins but showed the highest deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio and moniliformin/deoxynivalenol ratio. An inverse relationship between the amount of deoxynivalenol and the deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside/deoxynivalenol ratio was recorded for all the cvs and all the years. Conversely, the enniatins/deoxynivalenol ratio had a less intense relationship with cv tolerance to FHB. In conclusion, even though the more tolerant cvs, showed higher relative relationships between modified/emerging mycotoxins and native/target mycotoxins than the susceptible ones, they showed lower absolute levels of contamination of both emerging and modified mycotoxins.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

Scarpino

Blandino

2021

Microorganisms

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“…DON is the most common Fusarium mycotoxin identified in cereal grains [64], but it often co-occurs with ENNs. A survey of durum and bread wheat samples collected in Western Canada between 2010 and 2016 revealed that more than 70% were contaminated with both DON and enniatins [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enniatin Production Influences Fusarium avenaceum Virulence on Potato Tubers, but not on Durum Wheat or Peas

et al. 2020

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Fusarium avenaceum is a generalist pathogen responsible for diseases in numerous crop species. The fungus produces a series of mycotoxins including the cyclohexadepsipeptide enniatins. Mycotoxins can be pathogenicity and virulence factors in various plant–pathogen interactions, and enniatins have been shown to influence aggressiveness on potato tubers. To determine the role of these mycotoxins in other F. avenaceum–host interactions, ENNIATIN SYNTHASE 1 (ESYN1) disruption and overexpression mutants were generated and their ability to infect wheat and peas investigated. As a preliminary study, the transformants were screened for their ability to cause potato tuber necrosis and, consistent with a previous report, enniatin production increased necrotic lesion size on the tubers. By contrast, when the same mutants were assessed in their ability to cause disease in pea roots or durum wheat spikes, no changes in disease symptoms or virulence were observed. While it is known that, at least in the case of wheat, exogenously applied enniatins can cause tissue necrosis, this group of mycotoxins does not appear to be a key factor on its own in disease development on peas or durum wheat.

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“…Samples were analyzed for mycotoxins following the method reported by Tittlemier et al [55]. Grain samples were extracted using a 1:4 ( m / v ) ratio of extraction solution consisting of acetonitrile/Milli-Q water/acetic acid (74/25/1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs

Tucker

Badea

Blagden³

et al. 2019

Toxins

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a multipurpose crop that can be harvested as grain or cut prior to maturity for use as forage. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of barley that reduces quality of grain. FHB can also result in the accumulation of mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Breeding FHB resistant varieties has been a long-term goal of many barley-producing countries, including Canada. While the genetic basis of DON detoxification via production of less-phytotoxic conjugates such as DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) is well documented in barley, little information exists in reference to varietal response. Over two years, 16 spring, two-row barley genotypes, of importance to western Canadian barley breeding programs, were grown as short-rows and inoculated following spike emergence with a Fusarium graminearum conidia suspension. Half of the plots were harvested at soft dough stage and then dissected into rachis and grain components, whereas the remainder was harvested at maturity. Multiple Fusarium-mycotoxins were assayed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin content was elevated at the earlier harvest point, especially in the rachis tissue. DON3G constituted a significant percentage (26%) of total trichothecene content and thus its co-occurrence with DON should be considered by barley industries. DON3G was highly correlated with DON and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3ADON). The ratio of D3G/DON exhibited consistency across genotypes, however more-resistant genotypes were characterized by a higher ratio at the soft-dough stage followed by a decrease at maturity. Plant breeding practices that use DON content as a biomarker for resistance would likely result in the development of barley cultivars with lower total DON-like compounds.

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Fusarium and Alternaria mycotoxins present in Canadian wheat and durum harvest samples

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

Effects of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Degrees of FHB Susceptibility Grown under Different Meteorological Conditions on the Contamination of Regulated, Modified and Emerging Mycotoxins

Enniatin Production Influences Fusarium avenaceum Virulence on Potato Tubers, but not on Durum Wheat or Peas

Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside Content Is Highly Associated with Deoxynivalenol Levels in Two-Row Barley Genotypes of Importance to Canadian Barley Breeding Programs

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