<i>Fusarium</i>Mycotoxins (Fumonisins, Nivalenol, and Zearalenone) and Aflatoxins in Corn from Southeast Asia

Yamashita, Akihiro; Yoshizawa, Takumi; Aiura, Yusuke; Sanchez, Priscilla C.; Dizon, Erlinda I.; Arim, Rosario H.; Sardjono,

doi:10.1271/bbb.59.1804

Cited by 79 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…In Southeast Asia, this aspect deserves more attention and priority in research. The reports by Rallos and Dalmacio (2004), Yamashita et al (1995) and Miller et al Knapp and Bridges (1987) (1993) are to date the only ones on the occurrence of fumonisins in corn in the Philippines. The present experiment provides evidence that F. verticillioides isolates in corn from Isabela in northern Luzon produced more fumonisins than those isolates from southern Luzon in Laguna.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fumonisins were reported in corn in the southern Philippines for the first time in the 1990s (Miller et al 1993), but only a few succeeding studies such as those by Rallos and Dalmacio (2004) and Yamashita et al (1995) are available. We presume that most of the isolates on corn in the Philippines belong to the fumonisin-producing mating population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides from corn in the Philippines

et al. 2009

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Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph: Gibberella moniliformis = G. fujikuroi mating population A) is one of the most important fungal pathogens of corn worldwide. The pathogen produces fumonisins, mycotoxins that are potentially harmful to humans and animals. Thirty-five Fusarium isolates from Laguna and Isabela, Philippines were identified morphologically and molecularly as F. verticillioides and characterized by PCR for mating type (MAT). Twenty-six isolates were MAT1-2, while nine isolates were MAT1-1. The isolates from Isabela were tested for aggressiveness, rated according to a disease index (%) on 'Super Sweet' corn IPB variety 1 under field conditions across two trials using the toothpick inoculation method. Other aggressiveness traits such as inhibition of seedling emergence, decrease of seedling height, fresh and dry mass were also determined in two greenhouse trials. All isolates were pathogenic to corn seedlings and mature plants compared to the noninoculated control. Significant genotypic variation was observed (P = 0.01) in trial, isolate, and isolate 9 trial interaction for all traits across two greenhouse trials and that aggressiveness was highly influenced by the trial conditions. Similarly, significant genotypic variation was observed in trial, replication within trial and isolate 9 trial interaction. Heritability was high for the five traits in the greenhouse (h 2 = 0.80-0.90) but moderate for disease index in the field (h 2 = 0.49). In an analysis of fumonisin production in corn culture by high performance liquid chromatography, 30 of 35 strains produced a detectable level of fumonisins, varying from 0.44 to 742 lg FB 1 /g corn, 0.51-222 lg FB 2 /g and 0.12-37 lg FB 3 /g. Isabela isolates produced more fumonisins than the Laguna isolates did. In vitro fumonisin production had little correlation with the field disease index (r = 0.32) or with greenhouse seedling germination (0.25).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides from corn in the Philippines

et al. 2009

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“…It is produced as a secondary metabolite by a number of Fusarium species, including Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum (Hestbjerg et al, 2002;Glenn, 2007), and is common in maize and wheat (Yamashita et al, 1995;Binder et al, 2007;Krska et al, 2007). Among domestic animals and poultry, prepubertal female pigs appear to be the most sensitive to ZEA (Fink-Gremmels and Malekinejad, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Wang

Zhou

Hou

et al. 2013

Animal

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of isoflavone (ISO) against zearalenone (ZEA) residues in the muscle and liver tissues of prepubertal gilts. Seventy 75-day-old, prepubertal, female pigs (Duroc 3 Landrace 3 Yorkshire, 26.5 6 0.60 kg) were allocated randomly to seven diet treatments for 21days as follows: one control group (fed the basal diet) and six groups fed the basal diet with the addition of either 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA plus either 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results showed that the diet with 2.0 mg/kg ZEA added caused an increase of ZEA residue level in muscle tissue (P , 0.05), and that the addition of both 0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg ZEA increased the residue level of ZEA in the liver of prepubertal gilts (P , 0.05). Addition of 600 mg/kg ISO to 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the ZEA residue level in liver tissue (P , 0.05), and the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the residue levels of ZEA in muscle tissue (P , 0.05). Western blot analysis demonstrated that feeding ZEA to prepubertal gilts increased their protein expression of 3a/3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD; P , 0.05), and that the addition of 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO to the 2.0 mg/kg ZEA-contaminated diet decreased the protein expression of 3a/3b-HSD (P , 0.05), compared with the addition of 2.0 mg/kg ZEA alone. The results demonstrated that muscle and liver tissues retain residual ZEA when pigs are fed a diet contaminated with high concentrations of ZEA, and that the concentration of ZEA in muscle and liver tissues increased with increased amounts of ZEA in the feed. In diets contaminated with high levels of ZEA, the addition of ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues of prepubertal gilts.Keywords: soybean isoflavone, prepubertal gilts, zearalenone residue, 3a/3b-HSD expression ImplicationsMaize and soybean are two of the principle ingredients in animal feed, and as such zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavones (ISOs) are often found together in maize-soybean meal-based feed. Our study shows that diets containing ISO may accelerate the biotransformation and degradation of ZEA and its metabolites, and thus reduce the residues of ZEA in liver and muscle tissues. These findings suggest a potential means of mitigating the negative effects of high concentration of ZEA contamination in feed.

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“…1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Milanez¹,

Valente-Soares²

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Investigou-se a incidência de desoxinivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIN), diacetoxiscirpenol (DAS) e toxinas T-2 (T2) e HT-2 (HT2) em 80 amostras de milho do estado de São Paulo/ Brasil, coletadas nos silos de duas cooperativas deste estado. As amostras foram extraídas com água/ acetonitrila e purificadas com colunas Mycosep. Após derivatização com anidrido trifluoroacético as amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massas. Os limites de detecção ficaram entre 10 ng g -1 e 40 ng g -1. NIV foi encontrada em 5 amostras e DON e NIV ocorreram simultaneamente numa das amostras. DAS, T2 e HT2 não foram detectadas. Este é o primeiro relato que mostra a prevalência de NIV sobre DON em milho do Brasil.The incidence of deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and toxins T-2 (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) in 80 samples of commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. They were collected in the silos of the two largest corn farmer's cooperatives of this state. The samples were extracted with water/acetonitrile and cleaned-up with MycoSep columns. After trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization the samples were submitted to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Detection limits ranged from 10 ng g -1 to 40 ng g -1 . NIV was present in 5 samples and DON and NIV occurred simultaneously in one sample. DAS, T2 and HT2 were not detected. This is the first report that shows the prevalence of NIV over DON in corn harvested in Brazil. Keywords: corn, GC-MS, trichothecenes, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol IntroductionTrichothecenes constitute a group of toxic substances produced mainly by Fusarium among several different fungal genera.1 These compounds have in common the presence of the system 12, 13 -epoxy-trichotec-9-en in their structures.2,3 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and the toxins T2 (T2) and HT2 (HT2), deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) are among the trichothecenes with greater natural occurrence in food and feed. [4][5][6] The ingestion of feed contaminated with trichothecenes has been shown to be toxic and to cause feed refusal, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, hematological and immunological alterations and even death. Similar symptoms have been observed in humans exposed to trichothecenes. 1,2,4,7 Trichothecenes occur in cereals worldwide 6 and contamination in corn is frequently reported. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] There is little information about corn cultivated in Brazil. Prado et al. 16 found DON in about 6% of post-harvested corn samples with levels ranging from 102 to 542 ng g -1 in contaminated samples and 104 ng g -1 T2 in one sample. Oliveira et al. 17reported the presence of DON in 6% of samples of popcorn in levels ranging from 30 to 770 ng g -1 . Several methods are used to determine trichothecenes, such as thin layer chromatography, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and immunoassays. 7,18,19 More recently some methods have been developed using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for identification and determination of trichothecenes type...

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FusariumMycotoxins (Fumonisins, Nivalenol, and Zearalenone) and Aflatoxins in Corn from Southeast Asia

Cited by 79 publications

References 2 publications

Genetic characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides from corn in the Philippines

Genetic characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides from corn in the Philippines

Soybean isoflavone reduces the residue of zearalenone in the muscle and liver of prepubertal gilts

Gas chromatography: mass spectrometry determination of trichothecene mycotoxins in commercial corn harvested in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

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