<i>Fusarium</i> spp. and fumonisin B<sub>1</sub> in stored maize from Ogun State, Nigeria

Bankole, S. A.; Mabekoje, O. O.; Enikuomehin, O. A.

doi:10.1002/ts.93

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While contamination of Nigerian feeds and foods by ZEA (Makun et al 2007), DON (Adejumo et al (2007) and FBs (Bankole et al 2003) has been reported by several authors, the present study seems to be the first one reporting the occurrence of DON and FBs in rice from Nigeria. ZEA, DON and FBs levels in our rice samples were all below common maximum levels, including the European Union acceptable limit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

et al. 2011

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Twenty-one rice samples from field (ten), store (six) and market (five) from the traditional rice-growing areas of Niger State, Nigeria were analysed for aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1) and B2 (FB2), and patulin (PAT) by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. T-2 toxin was determined using TLC only. AFs were detected in all samples, at total AF concentrations of 28–372 μg/kg. OTA was found in 66.7% of the samples, also at high concentrations (134–341 μg/kg) that have to be considered as critical levels in aspects of nephrotoxicity. ZEA (53.4%), DON (23.8), FB1 (14.3%) and FB2 (4.8%) were also found in rice, although at relatively low levels. T-2 toxin was qualitatively detected by TLC in only one sample. Co-contamination with AFs, OTA, and ZEA was very common, and up to five mycotoxins were detected in a single sample. The high AF and OTA levels as found in rice in this study are regarded as unsafe, and multi-occurrences of mycotoxins in the rice samples with possible additive or synergistic toxic effects in consumers raise concern with respect to public health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 43%

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

et al. 2011

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“…Among the crops used as food and feed, maize is an especially good substrate for the growth of moulds that produce aflatoxins and fumonisins [2]. Contamination of maize with aflatoxins and fumonisins has been reported in maize samples in Tanzania [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Nyangi¹,

Beed²,

Mugula³

et al. 2016

AJFAND

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A survey was conducted in 2013 to establish total aflatoxin and total fumonisin in maize, as well as farmers' practices relating to maize cultivation and awareness of mycotoxins, in three villages of Babati District, northern Tanzania. Quantification of total aflatoxin and fumonisin was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Reveal AccuScan ® Neogen, USA) and the results were confirmed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometer. The mean aflatoxin was 2.94 µg/kg and all samples (n=440) were within the East African Community (EAC) standard of 10 µg/kg for total aflatoxin, but the mean fumonisin was 5.15 mg/kg, more than double the EAC standard of 2 mg/kg, and 35% of samples exceeded this standard. Maize samples obtained from farmers in the village in the mid altitude, dry zone had significantly higher mean aflatoxin (3.32 µg/kg) and significantly lower mean fumonisin (3.17 mg/kg) than maize from the other two villages (in the high and mid altitude, high rainfall zones). Most farmers (n=442) were male (72%), educated to primary school level (77%) and aware of mycotoxins (62%). As well as participating in a development program, Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation, most (86%) farmers had experience of working with other development programs. All farmers used flat planting, most used improved seeds (98%), ox ploughing (78%), insecticides (78%) and early planting (36%). Practices associated with mycotoxins were planting time, tillage methods, previous season planted crops, and use of insecticides. Awareness of mycotoxins and climatic conditions were also associated with mycotoxin prevalence. In conclusion, good practices are associated with acceptable aflatoxin levels and should be continued. However, the high level of fumonisins warrants further investigation.

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“…are some of the most important dietary staple foods for many people especially in Sub-Saharan Africa (FAO 1997). To overcome the high perishability of fresh roots due to their high moisture content, both cassava and yam are processed into dried chips and ßour, with this processing method being particularly common in Ghana, Nigeria, and Benin (Bricas et al 1997, Wareing et al 2001, Bankole et al 2003. Edible cassava chips in Benin are obtained by cutting the tubers into slices and drying them in the sun, whereas yam chips are prepared by parboiling fresh yam slices in water or fermented water obtain from ogi fermentation (Fandohan et al 2005), to which often leaves from pawpaw, mango, or sorghum straw are added.…”

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Infestation and Population Dynamics of Insects on Stored Cassava and Yams Chips in Benin, West Africa

Gnonlonfin¹,

Hell

Siame

et al. 2008

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Natural insect infestation in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz subspecies esculenta) and yam (Dioscorea spp.) chips was evaluated during two consecutive storage seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) in two agroecological zones of Benin (Northern Guinea Savanna [NGS] and Sudan Savanna [SS]). The insects infesting chips were collected, identified, and counted, they included Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae), Cathartus quadricollis (Guerin) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Carpophilus dimidiatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). P. truncatus and C. quadricollis were observed with a higher prevalence on cassava than on yam chips. During both seasons after 3 mo of storage, all (100%) cassava chip samples were infested with P. truncatus and C. quadricollis in both agroecological zones, whereas yam chips only showed lower infestation rates of 59.5 and 19.1% for P. truncatus and C. quadricollis, respectively, at the end of storage in 2003-2004. During the 2004-2005 season after 3 mo of storage infestation rate in yam chips was 66 and 24% in NGS and 100 and 0% in SS for P. truncatus and C. quadricollis, respectively, showing that insect infestation levels vary significantly with commodity, year, and fluctuate during the storage season.

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Fusarium spp. and fumonisin B₁ in stored maize from Ogun State, Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Infestation and Population Dynamics of Insects on Stored Cassava and Yams Chips in Benin, West Africa

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Fusarium spp. and fumonisin B1 in stored maize from Ogun State, Nigeria

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

Natural multi-occurrence of mycotoxins in rice from Niger State, Nigeria

Assessment of pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination of maize in Babati District, Tanzania

Infestation and Population Dynamics of Insects on Stored Cassava and Yams Chips in Benin, West Africa

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Fusarium spp. and fumonisin B₁ in stored maize from Ogun State, Nigeria