<i>Garcinia</i>Fruits: Their Potential to Combat Metabolic Syndrome

John, Oliver D.; Brown, Lindsay; Panchal, Sunil K.

doi:10.1002/9781119436713.ch3

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 173 publications

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“…We have likewise reported that the rind of G. humilis fruit (achacha) containing procyanidins showed cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome [ 17 ] and that the rind of G. dulcis (yellow mangosteen) attenuated physiological and metabolic parameters in obese rats through several mechanisms including modulation of gut microbiota [ 18 ]. This is anticipated as the rind, peel and seeds of fruits and vegetables often contain high concentrations of bioactive phenolic compounds [ 2 , 26 ]. Hence, fruit waste could be turned into nutraceuticals to generate income for growers with the additional benefit that the use of the peel reduces landfill and harmful environmental impact through reduced biomass decomposition [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Garcinia is native to Asia, Africa, Australia and Polynesia with more than 300 species in the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family [ 1 , 2 ]. In Asia, most Garcinia species are distributed in tropical countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines [ 2 ]. Garcinia fruits have long been used in the preparation, cooking, presentation and preservation of foods in these Asian countries [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Asia, most Garcinia species are distributed in tropical countries including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines [ 2 ]. Garcinia fruits have long been used in the preparation, cooking, presentation and preservation of foods in these Asian countries [ 2 ]. While the pulp of fresh mangosteen as the fruit of Garcinia mangostana Linn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

et al. 2021

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The pulp of the purple mangosteen, Garcinia mangostana, is a popular tropical fruit but the rind containing xanthones such as α-mangostin together with procyanidins and anthocyanidins is usually discarded as waste. However, this rind has been used in South-East Asia for diarrhoea, dysentery, skin infections and wounds. As xanthones have reported anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, this study has determined the bioactive compounds and evaluated the effects of G. mangostana rind on physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular parameters in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Rats fed a diet with increased simple sugars and saturated fats developed obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular stiffness, dyslipidaemia and fatty liver. Administration of G. mangostana rind as 5% of the food to rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome gave a dose of 168 mg/kg/day α-mangostin, 355 mg/kg/day procyanidins, 3.9 mg/kg/day anthocyanins and 11.8 mg/kg/day hydroxycitric acid for 8 weeks which reduced body weight and attenuated physiological and metabolic changes in rats including decreased abdominal fat deposition, decreased abdominal circumference and whole-body fat mass, improved liver structure and function and improved cardiovascular parameters such as systolic blood pressure, left ventricular stiffness and endothelial function. These responses were associated with decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells, decreased deposition of collagen in both heart and liver and decreased mean adipocyte size in retroperitoneal adipose tissues. We conclude that, in rats with diet-induced metabolic syndrome, chronic intake of G. mangostana rind decreased infiltration of inflammatory cells which decreased physiological, metabolic, liver and cardiovascular symptoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

et al. 2021

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“…The genus Garcinia includes more than 250 species of shrubs and trees of the Clusiaceae or Guttiferae family that grow in lowland tropical forests. Species include G. mangostana (purple mangosteen), G. cambogia (Malabar tamarind) and G. humilis (achacha or Bolivian mangosteen) [1]. The yellow mangosteen or G. dulcis (Roxb.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

John

Mouatt

Majzoub

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study has investigated the responses to rind of yellow mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis), usually discarded as waste, in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. The rind contains higher concentrations of phytochemicals (such as garcinol, morelloflavone and citric acid) than the pulp. Male Wistar rats aged 8–9 weeks were fed either corn starch diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% freeze-dried G. dulcis fruit rind powder during the last 8 weeks. We characterised metabolic, cardiovascular, liver and gut microbiota parameters. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness, decreased glucose tolerance, fatty liver and reduced Bacteroidia with increased Clostridia in the colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder attenuated these changes, improved cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and attenuated changes in colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder may be effective in metabolic syndrome by appetite suppression, inhibition of inflammatory processes and increased fat metabolism, possibly related to changes in the colonic microbiota. Hence, we propose the use of G. dulcis fruit rind as a functional food to ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

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“…The more than 300 Garcinia species belonging to the Clusiaceae family are a potential source of medicinal phytochemicals [ 1 , 2 ]. Garcinia humilis , also known as Garcinia achachairú [ 3 ], Mammea humilis [ 3 ], Rheedia lateriflora [ 4 ], Rheedia sessiliflora , and Rheedia sieberi [ 3 ], is distributed widely in Brazil and eastern Bolivia [ 5 ], and also found in Peru, Guatemala, Guyana, Panama, and the Caribbean Islands [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achacha (Garcinia humilis) Rind Improves Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Garcinia humilis is a fruit known as achachairú. It is native to South American countries such as Bolivia, Peru, and Brazil, but it is also cultivated as achacha in northern Australia. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemicals in achacha rind and pulp and to investigate these components as potential treatments for the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Both rind and pulp contain procyanidins and citric acid rather than hydroxycitric acid. Male Wistar rats (8–9 weeks old) were fed with either high-carbohydrate, high-fat, or corn starch diets for 16 weeks. Intervention groups were fed with either diet supplemented with 1.5% G. humilis rind powder or 2.0% G. humilis pulp for the last 8 weeks of the protocol. Rats fed a high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet exhibited hypertension, dyslipidemia, central obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. G. humilis rind decreased systolic blood pressure, diastolic stiffness, left ventricular inflammatory cell infiltration, and collagen deposition in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats. However, there was no change in glucose tolerance, body weight, or body composition. Therefore, G. humilis rind, usually a food by-product, but not the edible pulp, showed potential cardioprotection with minimal metabolic changes in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome.

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GarciniaFruits: Their Potential to Combat Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 8 publications

References 173 publications

Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Achacha (Garcinia humilis) Rind Improves Cardiovascular Function in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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