Gelidiella acerosa protects against Aβ 25–35-induced toxicity and memory impairment in Swiss Albino mice: an in vivo report

Abstract

Context: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is believed to develop due to deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide. Hence, efforts are being made to develop potent drug that target amyloid hypothesis.Objective: The present study explores the effect of the seaweed Gelidiella acerosa (Forsskål) Feldmann & Hamel (Gelidiellaceae) against Aβ 25–35 peptide in Swiss albino mice.Materials and methods: The animals were administered through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection with the Aβ 25–35 peptide (10 μg/10 μL/ICV site) on 21st day of the pretreatment of G. acerosa (whole plant) benzene extract (200 and 400 mg/kg bw). On day 30, animals were sacrificed and brain tissue homogenate was prepared. The activities of AChE, BuChE, b-secretase, MAO-B, and caspase-3 were determined, and Bax expression was assessed by Western blotting.Results:Gelidiella acerosa benzene extract restored the level of antioxidant enzymes and prevented lipid and protein oxidation significantly (p < 0.05). The extract protected the mice from cholinergic deficit significantly (p < 0.05) by inhibiting the activities of AChE and BuChE, which was about 0.116 ± 0.0088 U/mg of protein and 0.011 ± 0.0014 U/mg of protein respectively, which was otherwise increased in peptide-treated group (0.155 ± 0.007 U/mg of protein and 0.015 ± 0.0012 U/mg of protein respectively). Interestingly, G. acerosa benzene extract inhibited β-secretase and MAO-B activity. Reduction (p < 0.05) in level of caspase-3 activity and Bax expression suggests that G. acerosa protects the cells from apoptosis.Discussion and conclusion: The results suggest that G. acerosa possesses excellent neuroprotective potential against peptide mediated toxicity under in vivo conditions.

Krill Oil Attenuates Cognitive Impairment by the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuronal Apoptosis in an Amyloid β-Induced Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

“…Aβ is produced by amyloidogenic pathway, which is processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Aβ via activation of two enzymes such as β- and γ-secretase [ 1 ]. In addition, Aβ-injected mice display several AD-like pathological symptoms such as the neuronal oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the brain tissue [ 19 , 20 ]. Drugs such as donepezil used in AD patients for treatment of AD, attenuate the cognitive impairment by regulation of the cholinesterase inhibition in the brain [ 6 ].…”

“…Passive avoidance test is based on tendency of mice to natural preference toward dark environment [ 32 ]. The Aβ 25–35 -induced AD mice more frequently enter the electric shock-consisted the dark chamber than electric shock-non-consisted light chamber by damage of passive avoidance ability, compared with normal mouse [ 20 , 33 ]. Our result showed that Aβ 25–35 -induced AD mice disrupted passive avoidance ability.…”

Macroalgae as a Valuable Source of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Crude extracts of some macroalgal species have shown neuroprotective potentials against some markers of Alzheimer’s disease in vivo. Syad and Devi [97] confirmed that benzene extracts of G. acerosa attenuated neurotoxicity induced by AB 25–35 in Swedish mice brain. G. acerosa improved memory function by attenuating cholinergic dysfunction via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.…”

Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances

“…In addition, extracts from several marine algae have shown to either ameliorate memory impairment or enhance cognition in various in vivo models. For instance, Gelidiella acerosa attenuated Aβ25-35-induced cytotoxicity and memory deficits in mice [ 223 ], Sargassum swartzii improved memory functions in rats [ 224 ], Ishige foliacea [ 128 ], Undaria pinnatifida [ 225 ] ameliorated scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice, Haematococcus pluvialis recovered Alzheimer’s disease in rats [ 226 ], and fermented Spirulina maxima prevented memory impairment in mice [ 227 ]. In addition, some marine algae have shown to attenuate ischemic injury in stroke models.…”