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þÿ I d o n t e v e n h a v e t i m e t o b e t h e i r f r i e n d ! E t h i c a l d i l e m m a s i nPh.D. supervision in the hard sciences Löfström, Erika 2015 þÿ L ö f s t r ö m , E & P y h ä l t ö , K 2 0 1 5 , ' I d o n t e v e n h a v e t i m e t o b e t h e i r f r i e n d ! E t h i c a l dilemmas in Ph.D. supervision in the hard sciences ' , International Journal of Science Education , vol. 37 , no. 16 , pp. 2721Education , vol. 37 , no. 16 , pp. -2739
AbstractThis study focused on exploring students' and supervisors' perceptions of ethical problems in doctoral supervision in the natural sciences. Fifteen supervisors and doctoral students in one research community in the natural sciences were interviewed about their practices and experiences in the doctoral process and supervision. We explored to what extent doctoral students and supervisors experienced similar or different ethical challenges in the supervisory relationship and analyzed how the experiences of ethical dilemmas in supervision could be understood in light of the structure and practices of natural science research groups. The data were analyzed by theory-driven content analysis. Five ethical principles, namely, nonmaleficence, beneficence, autonomy, fidelity and justice, were used as a framework for identifying ethical issues. The results show that one major question that appears to underpin many of the emerging ethical issues is that the supervisors and students have different expectations of the supervisory role. A second important observation pertains to the fact that doctoral students primarily describing their own experiences, whereas, as might be expected, the supervisors described their activities as embedded in a system and elaborated on the causes and consequences on a system level.