Helicobacter infection and gastric neoplasia

Abstract

Chronic gastritis induced by Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for adenocarcinoma of the distal stomach, yet only a minority of people who harbour this organism ever develop cancer. H. pylori isolates possess substantial genotypic diversity, which engenders differential host inflammatory responses that influence clinical outcome. H. pylori strains that possess the cag pathogenicity island and secrete a functional cytotoxin induce more severe gastric injury and further augment the risk for developing distal gastric cancer. However, carcinogenesis is also influenced by host genetic diversity, particularly involving immune response genes such as IL-1ß and TNF-α. It is important to gain insight into the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced gastritis and adenocarcinoma, not only to develop more effective treatments for gastric cancer, but also because it might serve as a paradigm for the role of chronic inflammation in the genesis of other malignancies that arise within the gastrointestinal tract.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Hispanics living in Puerto Rico: A population‐based study

“…The questions were based on the questionnaire developed by the ARIBBA (Alliance for Research in El Barrio, New York, and Bayamón) Project, a study that evaluated factors that influenced risk behaviors among Puerto Rican injection drug users 19. Two field managers visited every selected occupied household, where subjects that agreed to participate in the study completed the following procedures:1 informed consent and pretest counseling;2 a personal interview to obtain information about sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, tattooing and body piercing practices, knowledge on viral infections, and self‐report of hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination;3 an audio computer‐assisted self‐interview to ascertain cigarette and alcohol use, drug use, sex‐related risk behaviors, and history of incarceration; and4 collection of blood and urine samples. Of the selected residents, 1654 (77.9%) participated in the study.…”

“…Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer 2. Approximately 10%‐15% of H. pylori‐ infected individuals develop peptic ulcers and 1%‐2% develop gastric adenocarcinomas 3, 4. Gastric cancer is the most common infection‐associated cancer worldwide, which led to the classification of H. pylori as a class I human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 5.…”

Pathophysiology and modern treatment of ulcer disease (Review)

“…This colonization is highly specific in vivo when it overlays islands of gastric metaplasia (69). The interaction of these bacteria with the epithelial cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer risk.…”

Inflammation, atrophy, and gastric cancer

“…The 2 genetic loci linked with virulence and inflammatory responses that have been most studied are the cag locus and the vacA gene (41). Infection with H. pylori strains that contain the cag locus, a 40-kb region of DNA known as the cag pathogenicity island (cag PAI), confers a higher risk for gastric cancer than infection with strains that do not (42,43).…”