<i>Hemoglobin Concentration and Physical Fitness</i>

Cullumbine, H.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1949.2.5.274

Cited by 13 publications

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“…As early as 1942, Karpovick and Millman (11) reported declining performance of athletes due to a reduction of hemoglobin concentration following blood donation. Other early descriptive investigations confirmed these data (12,13). However, it was not until the late 1950 f s that Beutler et al (14) were able to objectively establish a correlation between hemoglobin concentration and total body oxygen consumption, considered to be the best measure of work performance capacity.…”

Section: Nutritional Considerationssupporting

confidence: 52%

Trace Elements and Calcium Status in Athletic Activity

McDonald

Saltman

1986

ACS Symposium Series

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Throughout the centuries the athlete has embraced special foods and diets as a means of providing the "winning edge". The years of trial and error to establish the effect of nutrition on performance have resulted in a plethora of myths which engulf the area of nutrition and sport. This may partially explain the differences that exist in in our perceptions and definitions of the study of nutrition. To the scientist, nutrition is the elucidation of the nutrients required to permit optimal growth, development and performance of the individual. Little attention is paid to the psychology, anthropology and sociology of food. Conversely, the general population, and the athletes in particular, believe that food and diets are equivalent to nutrition. The psychology, or more appropriately the metaphysics, of food plays a significant role in nutrition. The athlete may determine his/her diet based largely on social, ethnic, and economic issues rather than on the nutrient value. This review will be concerned primarily with the biochemistry and physiology of nutrition. However, the reader should not disregard the myths of the training table as a principal determinant in the nutrition of the athlete.The ability to perform even the simplest of muscle movement requires complex coordination of the physical and chemical activities of the tissue. In recent years, nutritionists and exercise physiologists have described how the primary energy sources in food carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are transformed into the universal "currency" of biological energy, ATP. Oxidative metabolism processes the substrates through a cascade of enzymatic events to insure maximal efficiency in energy conversion. At every level of this conversion, one or more metal ions serve as a cofactor to facilitate these biochemical reactions. The requirement of metals in the production of

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Section: Nutritional Considerationssupporting

confidence: 52%

Trace Elements and Calcium Status in Athletic Activity

McDonald

Saltman

1986

ACS Symposium Series

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“…ADP had changed less at the end of exercise in patients than in controls so it could not have been the alteration in these metabolites which stopped exercise in the patients. Iron deficiency sufficient to lower the haemoglobin to 9 g dl-' has previously been reported to reduce the maximum aerobic capacity and treadmill exercise duration [l, 18, 191, but duration of sub-maximal exercise was not significantly correlated with [Hb] in a study of patients with [Hb] between 9 and 20 g dl-' [20]. The purpose of the present work was to search for evidence of defective skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism in iron deficiency by studying intracellular bioenergetics in vivo during exercise and recovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the haemoglobin level is less than 9 g dl-' there is a significant increase in cardiac output at rest as well as at sub-maximal workloads, but the cardiac output at maximum workloads is unchanged [l]. This presumably explains why the correlation between haemoglobin concentration and work capacity is poor at sub-maximal workloads but excellent, even for small decrements in haemoglobin, at maximal workloads [20,29,301. The decreased work capacity seen in the present study might be because of central cardiorespiratory limitations (such as a reduction in venous oxygen tensions) rather than because of a metabolic cause located in the peripheral muscle.…”

Section: Mrs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence of mitochondrial abnormality in skeletal muscle of patients with iron‐deficient anaemia

Thompson

Kemp

Taylor

et al. 1993

Journal of Internal Medicine

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“…Biomarkers used to measure iron status in athletes have included ferritin, soluble transferring receptor (sTfR), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations [5–7]. Previous studies have demonstrated positive associations between athletic performance measurements and ferritin and Hb concentrations [8–11], while sTfR concentrations have been inversely related to exercise [12]. Therefore, exercise and athletic performance is impacted by iron status, which suggests that maintaining adequate intakes of dietary iron may be important for athletes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An early study by Cullumbine [8] showed that speed and strength were related to Hb concentrations in adolescent males, but these relationships did not exist for females of the same age. The authors also reported greater performance scores and Hb concentrations in 14–20-year old males compared to females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific relationships among iron status biomarkers, athletic performance, maturity, and dietary intakes in pre-adolescent and adolescent athletes

Shoemaker

Gillen

McKay

et al. 2019

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among biomarkers of iron status, athletic performance, growth and development, and dietary intakes in pre-adolescent and adolescent male and female athletes. Methods Two-hundred and forty-nine male (n = 179) (mean ± standard deviation for age = 12.0 ± 2.1 years, height = 156.3 ± 13.9 cm, and weight = 49.1 ± 16.5 kg) and female (n = 70) (12.0 ± 2.2 years, 152.4 ± 12.3 cm, 45.3 ± 14.5 kg) athletes volunteered for capillary blood sample, anthropometric, athletic performance, and dietary intake assessments. Outcomes included maturity offset from peak height velocity, percent body fat, estimated muscle cross-sectional areas, vertical jump height (VJ), broad jump distance (BJ), pro-agility time (PA), L-cone time, 20-yard dash time (20YD), power push up (PPU) force, dietary intakes, and ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR), and hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations. Results Athletic performance was consistently correlated with Hb in males (r = .237–.375, p < 0.001–0.05) and with sTfR (r = .521–.649, p < 0.001–0.004) and iron intake (r = .397–.568, p = 0.001–0.027) in females. There were no relationships between dietary intakes and ferritin, sTfR, or Hb (p > 0.05). After partialing out age and height, VJ, PA, LC, and 20YD remained correlated with Hb in males (|rHb,y.Age| = .208–.322, p = 0.001–0.041; |rHb,y.Height| = .211–.321, p = 0.001–0.038). After partialing out iron intake, PA and LC remained correlated with sTfR in females (|rsTfR,y.ironintake| = .516–.569, p = 0.014–0.028). Conclusions Iron status biomarkers demonstrated sex-specific relationships with anaerobic exercise performance in youth athletes, which may be more dependent on maturity status and dietary intake than age. Moderate relationships between sTfR and athletic performance in adolescent female athletes emphasizes the importance of iron intake in this demographic.

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Hemoglobin Concentration and Physical Fitness

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Trace Elements and Calcium Status in Athletic Activity

Trace Elements and Calcium Status in Athletic Activity

No evidence of mitochondrial abnormality in skeletal muscle of patients with iron‐deficient anaemia

Sex-specific relationships among iron status biomarkers, athletic performance, maturity, and dietary intakes in pre-adolescent and adolescent athletes

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