<i>Heterorhabditis pakistanense</i>n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from Pakistan

Shahina, F.; Tabassum, K. A.; Salma, J.; Mehreen, G.; Knoetze, Rinus

doi:10.1017/s0022149x16000158

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…P. asymbiotica is the only symbiotic bacterium that has been shown to cause disease in humans (Gerrard & Stevens, 2017). Moreover, at least 25 species of Heterorhabditis, the EPN associated with Photorhabdus bacteria, have been recorded worldwide (Shahina, Tabassum, Salma, Mehreen, & Knoetze, 2017;Stock, Rivera-Orduno, & Flores-Lara, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and associate bacteria in Thailand and their potential to control Aedes aegypti

Suwannaroj

Yimthin

Fukruksa

et al. 2020

J Applied Entomology

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Aedes aegypti is an insect vector that transmits several viruses affecting humans worldwide. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their symbiotic bacteria are organisms with the potential to control many insects. In this study, we did a survey aimed to identify EPNs and their symbiotic bacteria and evaluate the larvicidal activity of bacteria against Ae. aegypti. We collected 540 soil samples from 108 sites in Phitsanulok Province, lower northern Thailand. Baiting techniques and White traps were used to isolate EPNs from soil samples. By sequencing of 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer regions, 51 EPN isolates were identified as Steinernema surkhetense (35 isolates), Heterorhabditis indica (14 isolates) and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3 (two isolates). Based on sequencing of a partial region of the recA gene, 35 isolates of Xenorhabdus were identified as Xenorhabdus stockiae, and 20 Photorhabdus isolates were identified as Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii (10 isolates), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis (seven isolates) and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis (three isolates). Screening for larvicidal activity of bacteria against Ae. aegypti was performed in the laboratory. Xenorhabdus WB5.4 and Xenorhabdus WB12.5, which were closely related to X. stockiae, resulted in high mortality of Ae. aegypti (99.99% and 70%, respectively) at 96 hr after exposure. Comparing with control groups, mortality of Ae. aegypti larvae was low (1.11%–6.67%) after exposure for 24–96 hr. Our findings showed the potential of X. stockiae for controlling Ae. aegypti. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms through which these bacteria kill Ae. aegypti larvae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and associate bacteria in Thailand and their potential to control Aedes aegypti

Suwannaroj

Yimthin

Fukruksa

et al. 2020

J Applied Entomology

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“…All micrographs were processed using Adobe® Photoshop® CS. The obtained morphometrical characters were compared with those published in previous studies describing all the species of the genus, independently of their current status (valid, species inquirendae , synonym, etc) ( Abd-Elgawad and Ameen, 2005 ; Agüera de Doucet and Doucet, 1986 ; Andaló et al, 2006 ; Bhat et al, 2019a ; Bhat et al, 2021b ; Edgington et al, 2011 ; Gardner et al, 1994 ; Hunt and Nguyen, 2016 ; Kajol et al, 2020 ; Kakulia and Mikaia, 1997 ; Khan et al, 1976 ; Liu, 1994 ; Liu and Berry, 1996 ; Li et al, 2012 ; Malan et al, 2008 ; Malan et al, 2014 ; Maneesakorn et al, 2015 ; Nguyen et al, 2004 ; Nguyen et al, 2006 ; Nguyen et al, 2008 ; Pereira, 1937 ; Phan et al, 2003 ; Plichta et al, 2009 ; Poinar and Veremchuk, 1970 ; Poinar, 1976 ; Poinar et al, 1987 ; Poinar et al, 1992 ; Rana et al, 2020 ; Sagun et al, 2015 ; Shahina et al, 2017 ; Shamseldean et al, 1996 ; Stock, 1993 ; Stock et al, 1996 ; Stock, 1997 ; Stock et al, 2002 ; Stock et al, 2009 ; Turco, 1970 ; Vanlalhlimpuia et al, 2018 ; Wouts, 1979 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses uncover species boundaries and reveal the occurrence of two new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp.

Machado

Bhat²,

Abolafia

et al. 2021

Journal of Nematology

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Species of the nematode genus Heterorhabditis are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. The taxonomy of this group is still unclear as it currently relies on phylogenetic reconstructions based on a few genetic markers with little resolutive power, specially of closely related species. To fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced several phylogenetically relevant genetic loci and used them to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, to calculate sequence similarity scores, and to determine signatures of species- and population-specific genetic polymorphism. In addition, we revisited the current literature related to the description, synonymisation, and declaration as species inquirendae of Heterorhabditis species to compile taxonomically relevant morphological and morphometric characters, characterized new nematode isolates at the morphological and morphometrical level, and conducted self-crossing and cross-hybridization experiments. The results of this study show that the sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene provide better phylogenetic resolutive power than the sequences of nuclear rRNA genes and that this gene marker can phylogenetically resolve closely related species and even populations of the same species with high precision. Using this gene marker, we found two new species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp. A detailed characterization of these species at the morphological and morphometric levels and nematode reproduction assays revealed that the threshold for species delimitation in this genus, using COI sequences, is 97% to 98%. Our study illustrates the importance of rigorous morphological and morphometric characterization and multi-locus sequencing for the description of new species within the genus Heterorhabditis, serves to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this important group of biological control agents, and can inform future species descriptions to advance our efforts towards developing more tools for sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.

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“…Two new species S. pakistanense (Shahina et al, 2001) and S. asiaticum (Anis et al, 2002) have been described from Pakistan. Among Heterorhabditis, H. pakistanense (Shahina et al, 2016) was described new species from Pakistan which was later synonymized with H. indica (Hunt and Subbotin, 2016). The other already described species reported from the country include S. abbasi, S. siamkayai, S. feltiae, S. cholashanense, S. affine, S. carpocapsae, S. litorale, H. bacteriophora, and H. indica (Shahina and Salma, 2010;Tabassum et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis

Bhat

Chaubey

Askary

2020

Egypt J Biol Pest Control

101

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Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the families' Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are obligate insect parasites. Their easy multiplication, broad host range, compatibility with chemical pesticides, and ease in application has grabbed interest among research practitioners to work on these beneficial microorganisms. Till date, around 100 valid species of Steinernema and 21 species of Heterorhabditis have been identified from different countries of the world. Extensive surveys have been conducted across the globe to isolate locally adapted EPN species and exploit them to suppress soil-dwelling and foliar insect pests in agricultural fields. Most of the new species have been described from Asia, whereas research in some Asian countries are still at infancy. Some new species have been recorded from Australia but very few surveys have been conducted in New Zealand. Likewise, less information about these tiny creatures is from Central America; however, in North America many new species have been described, some of which have been commercialized for insect pest control, whereas in South America, several native nematode species have been described and exploited as biological control agents. European countries have also been explored for EPN diversity and new species have been reported, exploited under field condition, and commercialized. Many new species and other previously described species have been reported from Africa. Despite frequent surveys in different continents of the world, number of sites touched are low and, therefore, further surveys are still needed to explore untouched geographic areas and climatic conditions, both in plantations and indigenous forests with an aim to identify and exploit additional EPN species.

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Heterorhabditis pakistanensen. sp. (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) a new entomopathogenic nematode from Pakistan

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and associate bacteria in Thailand and their potential to control Aedes aegypti

Survey of entomopathogenic nematodes and associate bacteria in Thailand and their potential to control Aedes aegypti

Multi-locus phylogenetic analyses uncover species boundaries and reveal the occurrence of two new entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis ruandica n. sp. and Heterorhabditis zacatecana n. sp.

Global distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis

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